Use of microwaves and radio waves in communication PDF

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Mohammed Almohamedi

Use of radio waves and microwaves in communication Radio waves are electromagnetic waves within the frequencies 30KHz - 300GHz. Microwaves are electromagnetic waves with frequencies between 300MHz (0.3GHz) and 300GHz in the electromagnetic spectrum. Similarities between radio waves and microwaves     

They are both forms of electromagnetic radiation They are both non-ionizing electromagnetic radiations. Both have long wavelengths, lower frequencies and lower energy per photon. Both use wireless communication. They can heat material that absorbs the waves.

Differences between radio waves and microwaves   

Radio waves have longer wavelengths and are reflected by ionosphere, whereas Microwaves have shorter wavelengths and pass through Earth’s atmosphere unlike radio waves. As Microwaves pass straight through the atmosphere, they’re suitable for communicating with distant geostationary satellites, while radio waves are suitable for communicating with satellites in low orbit. Radio waves are used to transmit television and radio programmes, while Microwaves are used for mobile phones and Wi-Fi.

Uses of radio waves and microwaves Radio waves are used for communication such as broadcasting television and radio, communications and satellite transmissions. Radio waves are transmitted easily through air. They do not cause damage if absorbed by the human body, and they can be reflected to change their direction. These properties make them ideal for communications. Microwaves are used for cooking food, communications and for satellite communications. Intense sources of microwaves can be dangerous through internal heating of body cells. Effect of ionosphere on radio waves and microwaves Due to the ability of ionized atmospheric gases to refract high frequency (HF, or shortwave) radio waves, the ionosphere can reflect radio waves directed into the sky back toward the Earth. Radio waves directed at an angle into the sky can return to Earth beyond the horizon. But microwaves can cut right through the ionosphere so they are good for communicating with satellites. Advantages of using high frequency microwaves for mobile phone communication Microwaves are used for mobile phone networks, because their high frequency gives greater bandwidth which allows large amounts of data to be transmitted. There is little or no interference because microwaves can be divided into separate channels.

Mohammed Almohamedi

Disadvantages of using high frequency microwaves for mobile phone communication Reception/the quality of the signal is affected by wet weather as microwaves are strongly absorbed by water. Terrain also effects reception as the short wavelengths/ high frequency reduces the amount of diffraction of the waves....