01 Road Construction Methodology PDF

Preview

Summary

Comprehensive Training for DPWH Field Engineers March2019 Hotel Jen Manila, Pasay City 01, Presented by: Engr. Joel T. Surot Engineer IV, BureConstruction au ofOutline of thePresentationRoad Definition ClassificationComponents MethodologyConstruction2Road Definition A general term denoting a public ...

Description

Comprehensive Training for DPWH Field Engineers March 01, 2019 Hotel Jen Manila, Pasay City Presented by: Engr. Joel T. Surot Engineer IV, Bureau of Construction

Outline of the Presentation

Road Definition Classification

Components Methodology Construction

2

Road Definition • A general term denoting a public way for purposes of traffic, including the entire area within the road right-of-way -DPWH Enterprise Data Glossary

• A thoroughfare, route or way on land between two places that has been paved or

otherwise improved to allow travel by foot or some form of conveyance. -Wikipedia

• A wide way leading from one place to another, especially one with a specially prepared surface which vehicles can use. -Oxford3

Classification According to System National Roads -Public roads, declared as national roads by the President of the Philippines upon recommendation of the Secretary of Public Works and Highways

satisfying the conditions set forth under Executive Order No. 113, Establishing the Classification of Roads. National roads are classified as primary and secondary roads. The former forms the part of the main highway trunk- line system which is continuous in extent; the latter includes all access roads forming a secondary trunk-line system. -DGCS, 2015 Road Right-of-Way Width of Travelled Way (2-Lane) 20.00 meters min. 6.70 meters min. 4

Classification According

to System Provincial Roads -These are roads connecting one municipality to another, with the terminal to be the public plaza; plus roads extending from one municipality or from a provincial or national road to a public wharf or railway station. For purposes of allocating national aid maintenance, a provincial road is designated and accepted as such by the Secretary of the Department of Public Works and Highways, upon recommendation of the Provincial Board. -DGCS, 2015 Road Right-of-Way Width of Travelled

Way (2-Lane) 15.00 meters min. 6.10 meters min. 5

Classification According to System Municipal/City Roads -Roads / streets within the población area of the municipality or within the urban area of a city not classified as provincial or national roads.

-DGCS, 2015 Road Right-of-Way Width of Travelled Way (2-Lane)

15.00 meters min. 6.10 meters min. 6

Classification According to System Barangay Roads -Roads located outside the poblacion area of a municipality or urban area of a city and those outside industrial, commercial or residential subdivision, and which act as a feeder from Farm-to market road, and are not otherwise classified as national, provincial, city or municipal roads.

-DGCS, 2015 Road Right-of-Way Width of Travelled Way (2-Lane) 10.00 meters min. 4.00 meters min. 7

Classification According to System Tourism Roads -Tourism road is a road which marketed as particularly suited for tourist. May be roadways enjoyed by local citizen in areas of unique or exceptional natural beauty. It is often developed because it promises to generate employment, enhance community infrastructure and assist in revitalizing the flagging economies in rural

areas.

-DGCS, 2015 Road Right-of-Way Width of Travelled Way (2-Lane) 2.10 meters min. 6.10 meters min. 8

Classification According to System Farm to Market Roads -Farm to Market Roads refer to roads linking the agriculture and fisheries production sites, coastal landing points and post-harvest facilities to the market and arterial roads and highways.

-DGCS, 2015 Road Right-of-Way Width of Travelled Way (2-Lane) 6.00 meters min. 4.00 meters min. 9

Classification According to Surface Earth Road -Simplest form of road. -Constructed by shaping and smoothing the natural soil traversed by the road line.

10

Classification According to Surface Gravel Road -Simplest form of road. -Constructed from natural gravel with a sufficient amount of good quality soil which serves as binder.

11

Classification According to Surface Asphalt Concrete Pavement -Flexible pavement. -Composed of bituminous materials, aggregates, mineral filler and hydrated lime.

12

Classification According to Surface Portland Cement Concrete Pavement -Rigid pavement. -Composed of cement, fine and course aggregates and water.13

Classification According to Surface ACP vs PCCP

ACP PCCP

➢ Loads are distributed in small areas ➢ Structural capacity is sum of multiple layers ➢ Easy and rapid construction ➢ Quiet and comfortable ride ➢ Loads influence large

areas ➢ Structural capacity is supplied mainly by the slab itself ➢ Needs curing time ➢ Durable to heavy loads

14

Components Subgrade -It is the upper layer of natural soil which may be the undisturbed local materials, or soil excavated elsewhere placed as fill. -It is compacted during construction for road stability.

15

Components Subbase and Base Courses -These are individual stabilizing layers of selected material and designed thickness placed on top of the subgrade to distribute the load transmitted from the surface course.

16

Components Surface Courses -It is the uppermost structural component of the roadway which provides resistance to wear and shearing stress due to traffic load. -It provides an even skid resistance surface with

comfortable durability and is appropriately crowned to prevent rain water from penetrating into the subgrade.

17

Components Drainage Structures -It is located beneath or alongside the roadway used in collecting, transporting and disposing of surface water originating in or near the road right-of-way.

18

Components Slope Protection Structures -It is constructed along the side of the roadway to stabilize the slopes either above or below the elevation of the roadway.

19

Components

Miscellaneous Structures -These are other works that improve the usability and safety of a particular roadway for both motorists and pedestrians.

20

Preparatory Works Pre-Construction Conference

-Coordination between the contractor and the DPWH staff. -Discussion on specifications, unusual conditions, contractor’s plans and schedule of operation and other pertinent items to be better familiarized with the project. -Strategic locations of field office,

stockpiles and storage of materials and equipment.

21

Preparatory Works As-Stake Survey -Determines the actual position of the road structure based on the plans. -Helps in determining what necessary deviation should be undertaken.

22

Preparatory Works

Plans that govern an infrastructure project: -Original Plans -As-Staked Plans -As-Built Plans

23

Preparatory Works Temporary Facilities -DPWH Facilities for the Engineer Office, Quarters and Laboratory for the Engineer

-CONTRACTOR Field Office Equipment Yard Fabrication Area/Shop Workmen’s Quarters Storage/Warehouse 24

Preparatory Works Access Road -It is a road by which a job is connected to the highway system and is generally used in connection with borrow pits. -It is built for each isolated piece of job it services.

25

Preparatory Works Detour Road -It diverts traffic from any existing roadway whenever the construction operations block the flow of traffic. -They are to be maintained, so that they will have

sufficient durability to remain in good condition and carry the required traffic at any weather condition for the entire duration that the detour is required.

26

Construction Methods Item 100: Clearing and Grubbing -It consists of clearing, grubbing, removing and disposing all vegetation and debris, except those that are designated to remain in place.

27

Construction Methods Item 100: Clearing and Grubbing -Construction limits/right-of-way limits shall be provided with stakes as reference in determining the vertical/horizontal control. -Site visit to the disposal area shall be

made by the PE and contractor prior clearing and grubbing work. -Trees that are selected

for preservation must be protected, while trees that are needed to be cut/ball shall be identified by the PE. -Scarify up to a depth of 150 mm the existing roadway and segregate the roots, stumps and other

unsuitable materials for proper disposal.

28

Construction Methods Item 100: Clearing and Grubbing -For road carriageway, bulldozer shall be used to attain the maximum efficiency, while the backhoe shall be used along the side ditches and/or edges of the construction limit. -Haul the excavated materials to the designated

approved disposal area or to the stockpile of the contractor. -Clearing shall extend one

(1) meter beyond the toe of the fill slopes or

beyond rounding of cut slopes for the entire length and provided it is within the right of way limits of the project.29

CONSTRUCTION METHODS: EARTHWORK Item 100 : Clearing and Grubbing Equipment Requirements: ➢

Dump Truck (10 cu. m.)

➢

Pay Loader (1.50 cu. m.)

➢

Bulldozer (165 horsepower)

➢

Backhoe (0.80 cu. m.)

➢

Chain Saw

➢

Minor Tools Road Construction Methods (Comprehensive Training for DPWH Field Engineers , March 01, 2019)

Construction Methods Item 101: Removal of Structures and Obstructions -It consists of the removal wholly or in part, and satisfactory disposal of all structures within the construction site and right-of-way limit which are not designated or permitted to remain.

31

Construction Methods Item 101: Removal of Structures and Obstructions -Pavement, Sidewalks, Curbs, etc. shall be broken into pieces, the size of which shall not exceed 300 mm in any dimension. -All salvageable material shall

be removed, without unnecessary damage, in sections or pieces which may be readily transported and stored.

32

CONSTRUCTION METHODS: EARTHWORK Item 101 : Removal of Structures and Obstructions Equipment Requirements: ➢

Backhoe w/ Breaker (0.80 cu. m.)

➢

Dump Truck (10 cu. m.)

➢

Minor Tools

Road Construction Methods (Comprehensive Training for DPWH Field Engineers , March 01, 2019)

Construction Methods Item 102: Excavation -It consist of

roadway drainage and borrow excavation, and the disposal of materials.

34

Construction Methods Item 102: Excavation -Construction limits shall be provided with stakes as reference in determining the vertical/horizontal control.

-Conduct pre-construction survey to determine if there are discrepancies on the actual elevations and that shown on the Plans. -If unsuitable materials are

encountered, excavate the roadway up to the stable soil. Quantify the volume of the unsuitable materials and conduct testing for such materials for record purposes. -All suitable materials removed from the

excavation shall be used in the formation of embankment, subgrade, bedding, backfill, etc. 35

CONSTRUCTION METHODS: EARTHWORK Item 102 : Excavation Equipment Requirements: ➢

Bulldozer (165 horsepower)

➢

Pay Loader (1.50 cu. m.)

➢

Dump Truck (10 cu. m.)

➢

Backhoe (0.80 cu. m.)

➢

Pneumatic Drilling Machine

➢

Blasting Equipment and Accessories Road Construction Methods (Comprehensive Training for DPWH Field Engineers , March 01, 2019)

Construction Methods Item 103: Structure Excavation -It consists of the excavation, removal and

satisfactory disposal of all materials for the foundation of bridges, culverts, underdrains and other structures.

37

Construction Methods Item 103: Structure Excavation -The contractor shall notify the Engineer

sufficiently in advance of the beginning and upon completion of excavation. -For Pipe Culverts: The width of the excavation shall

be at least 300 mm greater than the horizontal outside diameter of the pipe. -Foundation surface shall provide a firm

foundation of uniform density throughout the length of the culvert. -All suitable materials removed from the excavation shall be utilized as backfill or embankment.

38

CONSTRUCTION METHODS:

EARTHWORK Item 103 : Structure Excavation Equipment Requirements: ➢

Dump Truck (10 cu. m.)

➢

Backhoe (0.80 cu. m.)

➢

Minor Tools

Road Construction Methods (Comprehensive Training for DPWH Field Engineers , March 01, 2019)

Construction Methods Item 104: Embankment -It consists of the construction of embankment thru the use of suitable material in order to raise the grade of

an existing elevation.

40

Construction Methods Item 104: Embankment -Conduct preconstruction survey to determine if there are discrepancies on the actual elevations and that shown on the Plans. -Compaction

trials (10m x 50m) shall be carried out by the contractor. -Spread the material in horizontal layers not exceeding 200 mm (loose measurement) with appropriate crown/cross slope to ensure proper draining of surface water when it rains. -Compaction shall be done by rolling using a vibratory

road roller with a minimum weight of 10 tons.

41

Construction Methods Item 104: Embankment -Rolling/ compaction operation shall progress

gradually from the sides to the center, parallel to the center of the road and shall continue until the whole surface has been rolled up to the number of passes required where a minimum density of 95% of MDD is attained. During the progress of rolling, a minimum overlapped width of 300 mm. shall be observed for each succeeding parallel pass to ensure level compacted surface. -Conduct one (1) group of three (3) in-situ

density tests (FDT) for each 500 sq. m. or fraction thereof of each compacted layer.

42

CONSTRUCTION METHODS: EARTHWORK Item 104 : Embankment Equipment Requirements: ➢

Motorized Road Grader (140 horsepower)

➢

Vibratory Roller (10 tons)

➢

Pay Loader (1.50 cu. m.)

➢

Water Truck (16,000 liters)

➢

Dump Truck (10 cu. m.)

Road Construction Methods (Comprehensive Training for DPWH Field Engineers , March 01, 2019)

Construction Methods Item 105: Subgrade Preparation -It is the

portion of the earth roadbed which receives and supports the sub base or base course materials.

44

Construction Methods Item 105: Subgrade Preparation -Culverts, cross drains, ditches, drains and

drainage outlets, including their fully compacted backfill, shall be completed prior to the preparation of the subgrade. -The succeeding structural layers shall proceed

immediately after the preparation of the subgrade. -Rolling/ compaction operation

shall progress gradually from the sides to the center, parallel to the center of the road and shall continue until the whole surface has been rolled up to the number of passes required where a minimum density of 95% of MDD is attained. During the progress of

rolling, a minimum overlapped width of 300 mm. shall be observed for each succeeding parallel pass to ensure level compacted surface.

45

Construction Methods Item 105: Subgrade Preparation -Conduct one (1) group of three (3) in-situ density tests (FDT) for each 500 sq. m. or fraction thereof of each compacted layer.

46

CONSTRUCTION METHODS: EARTHWORK Item 105 : Subgrade Preparation Equipment Requirements: ➢

Motorized Road Grader (140 horsepower)

➢

Vibratory Roller (10 tons)

➢

Water Truck (16,000 liters)

Road Construction Methods (Comprehensive Training for DPWH Field Engineers , March 01, 2019)

Construction Methods Item 200: Aggregate Subbase Course -It is the structural sub-layer material of a

roadway placed directly on top of the subgrade to provide a strong foundation to support the pavement.

48

Construction Methods Item 200: Aggregate Subbase Course -Provide blue-top at every 20 meters

interval (marked staked) for vertical control reference and to be placed along the side of the roadway or permanent structures within the road traverse. -Laying and spreading shall be done using a road grader on a prepared subgrade in a quantity which will provide the required compacted thickness. -Appropriate crown slope/cross slope shall

be maintained during laying and spreading operation to ensure proper draining when rain occurs.

49

Construction Methods Item 200: Aggregate Subbase Course -Compaction shall be done using a vibratory road roller or tandem roller with a minimum weight of 10 tons. A maximum compacted thickness for any layer shall not exceed 200 mm. (D.O. #. 70, Series of 2016). -No laying, spreading, rolling and

compaction operation shall be done when it is raining or when the laid sub base course material is fully saturated.

50

Construction Methods Item 200: Aggregate Subbase Course -Rolling/ compaction operation shall progress gradually from the sides to the center, parallel to the center of the road and shall continue until the whole surface has been rolled up to the number of passes required where a minimum density of 100% of MDD is attained. During the progress of rolling, a minimum overlapped width of 300 mm. shall be observed for each succeeding

parallel pass to ensure level compacted surface. -Check the allowable tolerance for

the completed sub base course material prior to the start of the succeeding structural layer. The allowable tolerance for thickness of layer is plus or minus 20 mm. 51

Construction Methods Item 200: Aggregate Subbase Course -Conduct one (1) group of three (3) in-situ density tests (FDT) for each 500 sq. m. or fraction thereof of each compacted layer.

-For saturated sub base course material where 100% compaction cannot be attained, windrowing of the laid sub base layer shall be undertaken and allow it to dry up to its optimum moisture content, and proceed with rolling up to the desired compaction. -If laid sub base course material is too dry,

watering/ sprinkling with water using water truck shall be done uniformly so that the desired compaction will be achieved.

52

CONSTRUCTION METHODS: SUBBASE

& BASE COURSE Item 200 : Aggregate Subbase Course Equipment Requirements: ➢

Motorized Road Grader (140 horsepower)

➢

Vibratory Roller (10 tons)

➢

Water Truck (16,000 liters)

Road Construction Methods (Comprehensive Training for DPWH Field Engineers , March 01, 2019)

Construction Methods Item 201: Aggregate Base Course -In flexible pavement, it is the load-carrying portion and provides the structural capacity

to bituminous concrete slabs by carrying the load and distributing it to the soil under the layers of asphalt concrete. -The life and riding qualities of asphalt concrete surface depends direct...