105E 05 Smart Notes PDF

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105E 05 Smart Notes...

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105 .5 THE SKELETAL SYSTEM E

ACHIEVE // Following this lesson on The Skeletal System, you’ll be able to: • Define the structure and function of the skeletal system • Identify the name and description of the bones of the: • Skull • Neck, back, chest and shoulder • Arm, wrist and hand • Leg, ankle and foot

FOCUS // THE SKELETAL SYSTEM Structure and Function of the Skeletal System Study of the Bones

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PAGES 62-63

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

Osteology: JS

STRUCTURE OF THE BONES

Bone is composed of: •

Mineral matter: UNun

- nu

•

Organic matter: un

-u

BONE SHAPES BONES

DESCRIPTION

Long

•

LOCATION

Shaft made of compact bone with a central canal containing un

• nu

Two ends have an outer covering of compact bone

Short

•

As wide as they are

•

Flat

•

Plate-shaped

• nu

Sesamoid

•

Small, round bones embedded in

•

n

•

Areas such as wrist or elbow

• unn

•

Commonly found in the tendons of the hands, knees and feet

Act as levers to raise and lower limbs

Create a protective shell

• n

Sit inside un u

Irregular bones

•

unu

•

•

FUNCTION

e.g., patella (kneecap)

Shape does not allow them to be classified as long, short, flat or sesamoid bones

• uu

•

Protect nervous tissue and internal organs

FUNCTION OF THE BONES 1. Shape and support •

Size and organization of bones dictate the nu

2. Protection •

Bones around vital, fragile organs serve to protect them from

3. Framework for muscle attachment •

u

n

4. Blood cell and platelet formation •

Muscles attach to the

5. Mineral and fat storage

Red bone marrow produces life-critical

•

Bone stores nu

nu

•

Body can easily access

•

Yellow bone marrow stores nu

and nuu

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PAGES 63-66

STUDY OF THE BONES

Knowing the location of a bone makes it easier to locate a particular n

SKELETAL SYSTEM

Physical foundation of the body is composed of how may bones? uun •

Tendons connect muscle to bones

•

Ligaments connect bones to un

•

Joint: un ■ ■

THE SKULL

Movable joint such as un

un

and nu

Skull: nu Bones of the skull fall into two groups:

LABEL THE BONES OF THE CRANIUM. Place the ID number from the chart on the illustration.

•

Cranium: Number of bones = nu

•

Facial Skeleton: Number of bones = un

CRANIUM Of the eight bones that compose the cranium, only six bones are affected by un

nu

un

ID

BONE

DESCRIPTION

1.

Frontal

nunu

2.-3.

Parietal

nunu

4.

Occipital

un

5.-6.

Temporal

un

. The other two form the eye sockets.

nu

nu

The remaining two bones of the cranium have no part in massage techniques and are not labeled on the illustration. •

The sphenoid is located behind the eyes and nose and connects all the bones of the cranium

•

The ethmoid is the spongy bone between the eyes that forms part of the nasal cavity

.

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PAGE 67

THE SKULL (CONT’D) LABEL THE BONES OF THE FACIAL SKELETON. Place the ID number from the chart on the illustration.

FACIAL SKELETON Of the 14 bones that compose the facial skeleton, only nine are involved in nu

nu nu

nu

nu

.

ID

BONE

DESCRIPTION

1.

Mandible

• nuunun •

Largest and nu

nu

2.-3.

nu

•

2 bones of upper jaw

4.-5.

Nasal

•

2 bones which join to form the nu of nu

nu

u

6.-7.

Zygomatic or

•

nu

the nu

nu

8.-9.

nu

2 bones that form the upper cheek and the bottom of nu

•

Most fragile

•

Smallest 2 bones of facial skeleton

•

Form the front part of inner-bottom wall of eye socket

nu

NECK BONES Neck bones compose the top of the nu

LABEL THE NECK BONES. Place the ID number from the chart on the illustration.

•

Connect to the base of the nu

ID

BONE

DESCRIPTION

1.-7.

Cervical Vertebrae

• nu

• nu

8.

nu

Hyoid

• nu

nu nu

• u

un nu

u nnu

nu

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PAGES 68-69

BACK, CHEST AND SHOULDER BONES Chest, or thorax: Bony cage that protects the heart, lungs and other

LABEL THE BACK, CHEST AND SHOULDER BONES. Place the ID number from the chart on the illustration.

internal un

u

unn

ID

BONE

DESCRIPTION

1.

Thoracic Vertebrae

•

Form the central region of the nnu

•

Long, narrow, flat plate that forms the center of the

un

nu

2. un

front of the nu n

3.-14.

Ribs

•

Number of curved bones = n

•

Collarbone

•

Two long flat bones which run across the front of the

uu

15.

nu

nn uu

shoulder to link the u

nu nun

un

u

16.

un

to

the un nu

u

•

Shoulder blade

•

Large, flat bone extending upward from middle of

un

back, on right and left side, to joint, where it attaches to n

ARM, WRIST AND HAND BONES LABEL THE BONES OF THE ARM, WRIST AND HAND. Place the ID number from the chart on the illustration.

ID

BONE

DESCRIPTION

1.

Humerus

•

Largest bone of nnuun

•

Extends from elbow to the unun

•

Small, long bone on thumb side of lower arm or

2.

Radius

nu

un

3.

Ulna

•

nu

nunu

4.

Carpals

•

nu

nu

Small bones held together by ligaments to form wrist or carpus = nu

nu un un nu

Small, long bone on little-finger side of the

5.

Metacarpals

•

Long, thin bones that form the palm of the hand = nu

6.

Phalanges

•

Bones that form the digits or fingers = un

•

Each finger has 3 phalanges, thumb has only un

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PAGE 70

LEG, ANKLE AND FOOT BONES LABEL THE BONES OF THE LEG, ANKLE AND FOOT. Place the ID number from the chart on the illustration.

ID

BONE

DESCRIPTION

1.

un

•

Thighbone

•

Longest bone in the body

•

Kneecap

•

Sits over the front of the un

•

Also called nu

•

Extends from knee to the nu

•

Outer and narrower of the 2 lower leg bones

•

Extends from the knee to the un

•

Ankle bone

•

Forms the lower part of the

•

Bones that make up the mid-foot and rear foot = un

•

Includes talus, calcaneus, navicular, 3 cuneiform bones,

2.

3.

un

Tibia

unu

4.

nu

un

5.

un

6.

Talus

Tarsals

nu

and un

un

7.

nu

un

un un

8.

Phalanges

•

Long, slender bones = nu

•

Connect the phalanges to the nuun

•

Form the digits = un

SKELETAL SYSTEM GRAPHIC ORGANIZER Place brief descriptions for each area listed. OSTEOLOGY un

STRUCTURE OF BONES nu

SKELETAL SYSTEM un

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

FUNCTION OF BONES un...