13th amendment PDF

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1. What is the 13th amendment? The thirteenth amendment states that it is unconstitutional for someone to be a slave, offering freedom to all American citizens except for as a punishment for a crime. 2. What actions were taken in the South during Reconstruction to deal with the growing freed slave population? African Americans were arrested for minor crimes and were required to rebuild the South’s economy as “criminals”. 3. What is negro criminality? “Negro Criminality” as a “mythology of black criminality” caused by the rapid arrests of African Americans for their labor. Black individuals were seen as evil beings that had to be gotten rid of.

4. How did birth of a nation lead to a new era of terrorism against African Americans? What was the response? Birth of a nation led to a new era of terrorism against African Americans by being responsible for the rebirth of the Ku Klux Klan. Thousands of African Americans were murdered by the Klan and as a result many fled to various cities around the country to avoid it. 5. What increased along the civil rights movement? Increasing alongside the Civil Rights Movement was crime. 6. How did prisons change in 1970? What was the prison population in 1970? In the 1970’s, prisons changed because prison populations didn’t go up a lot but they soon began to mass incarcerate. The prison population in 1970 was 357, 292. 7. What was the war on crime? The “War on Crime” was about black political movements, antiwar movements, and gay and women liberation. 8. How was the war on drugs used to reinforce racism? The “War on Drugs” was used to reinforce racism because of a new type of cocaine, called crack, which was mostly taking over African American communities. Congress created extremely harsh penalties for crack where one ounce of crack would be equivalent to the same amount of prison time as 100 ounces of cocaine. Large numbers of

black men were found in possession of crack and would be sent to jail for long periods of time. Lee Atwater describes the southern strategy. The “Southern Strategy” was described by Lee Atwater instead of using racial slurs, you use economic terms such as “forced-bussing” and “state’s rights” that at the end of the day “blacks get hurt worse than whites”. Super predator. Criminal. Think about the power of media and the power of words. Media and words impact the perception and criminalization of people of color, both in the past and the present (animalistic, violent, to be feared, threat to white people, criminals, etc.). How were black men overrepresented in the media coverage of crime? Black men were overrepresented in the media coverage of crime because news outlets showed them as “criminals more times than accurate”. The media created a narrative where African Americans were “super predators” with no empathy for others and were a group of people that needed to be controlled. The public would grow to be afraid and have extremely negative stereotypes of black men and women finding them all to be criminals. 9. This film is full of statistics, many of them startling. Which statistic stood out to you the most? Why do you think this is?...