2017-Communicating Effectively-Fact Value Policy PDF

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a. CLAIMS OF FACT, VALUE, AND POLICY i. Topic type has significant implications for determining burdens of proof (obligation a persuasive speaker faces to provide sufficient reasons for changing what already exists and is accepted as the status quo) and organizational pattern 1. Status Quo  all of the laws, regulations, and attitudes that currently exist 2. Status Quo Bias  people are generally predisposed to favor what they currently believe as well as what already exists ii. FACTUAL CLAIMS : What is/isn’t true, what does/doesn’t exist what did/didn’t happen 1. Past Fact  whether something did or didn’t happen in the past 2. Present Fact  whether something is true or not currently 3. Future Fact  whether something will be true or not in the future 4. BURDENS OF PROOF: proving facts that support your position; clearly define key terms 5. ORGANIZATION: topical, special, or chronological iii. VALUE CLAIMS: concerns what you might consider right/wrong, moral/immoral, just/unjust, good/bad 1. Can examine one action or be comparative 2. BURDENS OF PROOF: clearly define terms, identify criterion (standards) of how the value judgment is made 3. ORGANIZATION: topical iv. POLICY CLAIMS: what should be done, what law should be changed, what policy should be followed 1. “Should” or “shouldn’t” 2. Agent of action  entity that is responsible for taking action 3. BURDEN OF PROOF: define key terms; prove that a problem of harm exists; prove that an inherent barrier exists that is preventing the status quo from acting to solve the problem; establish that recommended course of action will solve the problem a. Action Statement  indicates what you want your audience to believe or do b. Immediate Action  goal should be to motivate the audience to engage in a specific behavior/take specific action c. Passive Agreement  objective is to persuade the audience to adopt a new attitude without asking them to engage in a specific behavior 4. ORGANIZATION: a. Problem-Solution Order b. Problem-Cause-Solution Order c. Comparative Advantages Order d. Monroe’s Motivated Sequence i. Attention ii. Need iii. Satisfaction iv. Visualization v. Action...