24- Respiratory system study guide key PDF

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Review questions: the respiratory system 1. What structures make up the respiratory membrane? What is its function? 2. The pleural fluid is constantly being pumped out of the pleural cavity (and into the lymphatic vessels). Why is that so important? 3. Elasticity of the alveoli drives them to recoil and we need to oppose that to prevent the lung from collapsing. How? 4. Why do we need surfactant for? 5. People who smoke may begin to develop emphysema, a homeostatic imbalance characterized by loss of alvelor elasticity. This makes expiration- normally a passive process- to become consciously an active process. Why do emphysema patients need to exhale actively and how do they do that? 6. How is breathing regulated? What is the role of CO2 in breathing regulation? 7. Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by ________ a. humidifying the air before it enters b. warming the air before it enters c. interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension of alveolar fluid d. protecting the surface of alveoli from dehydration and other environmental variations

8. Which of the following are the muscles of inspiration? a. Abdominal muscles and internal intercostal muscles b. Diaphragm and the skeletal intercostal muscles c. Diaphragm and the intercostal smooth muscles d. None of the choices are correct

9. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all cell membranes by ________ a. osmosis

b. diffusion c. filtration d. active transport

10. During expiration, the diaphragm: a. relaxes and progresses inferiorly toward the stomach b. contracts and progresses inferiorly toward the stomach c. relaxes and the dome rises into the thoracic cage d. contracts and the dome rises into the thoracic cage

Vocabulary bank Pulmonary ventilation ; internal and external respiration ; trachea ; alveoli ; surfactant ; respiratory membrane ; alveolar macrophages ; parietal pleura ; visceral pleura ; pleural cavity ; pleural fluid ; diaphragm ; intercostal muscles ; surface tension ; pneumothorax ; inspiration ; expiration ; lung compliance ; VRG ; DRG ; PRG...