322683284 CNC Lab Report PDF

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Discussion:

In this experiment, we are learnt how does a CNC machine works and to interpret the Gcodes. G-code is the command system for the CNC (Computer Numerical Code) Machine. Gcodes are any word in a CNC program that begins with the letter G. Generally it is a code that tells the machine tool to perform specific actions. For example: G commands often tell the control what kind of motion is wanted (e.g., rapid positioning, linear feed, circular feed, fixed cycle) or what offset value to use. However there are other codes that start with letters other than “G” like “M” (miscellaneous), “T” (Tool selection), “S” (spindle speed) and many more. These codes will be programmed into software and sent to the CNC machine. The software will translate the G-codes into signals for different operations in the machine. The machine then operates according to the codes systematically to cut and remove parts of the metal. Basically, CNC machines are subdivided into Lathe Machine and Milling machine. The main parts of a CNC Lathe Machines are: - Headstock (where the motors that drive main spindle), -Chuck (Where the work piece is gripped firmly), -Tailstock Quill (grip the work piece at the other end to prevent vibration during machine operation) -Tool Turret (where tools are mounted) In a CNC Lathe Machine, the work piece mounted to the Chuck is rotated in rpm. The tools then approach the material and cut it according to the coordinate and codes programmed. Lathes create the surface cylindrical parts using outside and inside diameter cutting tools of different sizes and shapes. However, during cutting, the tool itself is never flexible. Instead, the arms that connects the tool turret moves to cut the material. The 2 axes involve in a CNC Lathe Machine are only x (horizontal) axis and y (vertical) axis. In a CNC milling machine, the machine chooses the tools according to the codes and spins the tool to cut material that is held stationary in a fixture. Milling machines use cylindrical cutting tools, such as end mills and drills, to remove material to make a finished part. The axes involved are x (horizontal) axis, y (vertical) axis and z axis (forward and backward). A CNC milling machine is great for engraving a material. Problem faced during the experiment and preparation of report is that instructions regarding report were not given clearly. We were stranded in the results and discussion section as we do not know what to discuss. Therefore, we emailed and looked for tutors in the office to seek more information and writing advises. Secondly, manual were not read and printed before attending the lab session due to delay of wble update caused us to be blur and confused during the experiment. However, due to the present of advance technology of an iPad, we are able to read the instructions in the manual. Thirdly, some were absent during discussion of report preparation. Therefore, there are some effective communication failures that caused delay of report preparation. This had also been overcome by using Facebook.

Conclusion: CNC machining is a process used in the manufacturing sector that involves the use of computers to control machine tools. Tools that can be controlled in this manner include lathes, mills, routers and grinders. With CNC machining, machine tools function through numerical control. There are G-code and M-code for CNC machine controls and help to keep safe and more productive.

Title: Lab 2 CNC Machining

Aim: To understand and interpret the machine codes for the machining operations demonstrated by the technician.

Introduction: CNC means Computer Numerical Control. A CNC machine uses a stream of digital information which is code from a computer to automatically execute a series of machining operations that CNC machine offer to increase productivity and flexibility. CNC machine also uses mathematics and coordinate systems to process information of what to move, to where and how fast. This machine are able to move in three controlled directions at once which are X,Y and Z axis. A CNC machine also must be able to communicate with itself and the machinist to operate. Computer numeric control unit sends position commands to motors. This machine can move very fast in three controlled directions at once to allow them to create almost any desired pattern or shape. G-code most widely used numerical control programming language. It used mainly to control CNC machines and also called G programming language. G-code is a language in which people tell computerized machine tools how to make something. M-code is a set of instructions executed directly by a computer's central processing unit. Each of the instruction performs a very specific task, such as a load, a jump, or an arithmetic logic unit(ALU) operation on a unit of data in a CPU register or memory. Every program directly executed by a CPU is made uo of a series of such instructions.

Apparatus: CNC Machine, Work piece, Code programmer...