427033179 An Experimental Study on An Alternative Mixture For A Fire Extingusher Out Of Baking Soda Vinegar Soap Water and Salt PDF

Preview

Summary

A study resource where students can use it for their references or advance studies.
Use this for your own good and studies....

Description

An Experimental Study on the Effectiveness of Baking Soda (Sodium bicarbonate), Water (Dihydrogen monoxide), Salt (Sodium chloride), Vinegar (Acetic acid), and Soap (Sodium hydroxide) as an Alternative Mixture for a Fire Extinguisher

In Partial Fulfillment for the requirements in Elective 9

Aizawa, Yumiko R. Pagaduan, Audrey Raine B. Saquing, Ayrish Kriezl Alejandro, Jerick Luis Borja, Raymond Malcolm II Gallo, Jose Jerome F. Santos, James Mathew T.

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION According

to

Jonathan

Mayuga

of

BusinnesMirror.com.ph, awareness to fire prevention tips and procedures is lacking among many Filipinos. This research is about making an alternative fire extinguisher mixture made up of Baking Soda ( Sodium bicarbonate ), Water (Dihydrogen monoxide),

Vinegar

(

Acetic

acid

)

and

Soap

(

Sodium

hydroxide ). These materials are proven to be fire resistant due to the fact that Baking Soda

is the main component of

the original fire extinguisher that we commonly know of, water because it lowers the temperature of

fires and blocks

out the supply of oxygen thus putting it out, and vinegar, soap

and

salt

are

proven

to

put

out

fires

too.

The

researchers aim to measure the effectiveness of the said extinguisher.

BACKGROUND Fires are now rising heavily these past few years. Most of the Filipinos, especially those in the rural areas, constantly

hear

fire

truck

sirens

from

morning

until

midnight. The reasons of the possible rise of fire include: the materials of the houses built in Metro Manila are light and combustible, the uncautious actions of people around

flammable

objects,

the

faulty

wiring

in

our

electrical

appliances, and of course, the lack of fire extinguishers in our houses and buildings. According to Britannica(2017) , a fire extinguisher is a portable or movable apparatus used to put out a small fire by directing onto it a substance that cools the burning material, deprives the flame of oxygen, or interferes

with

the

chemical

reactions

occurring in

the

flame. Unlike water itself, a fire extinguisher is a more effective tool in putting out a fire because it has certain chemicals

that

can

not

electrical and kitchen

only

put

out

house

fires,

fires at the same time.

but

In most

buildings, specifically schools, offices, condominiums, and apartments, there are fire extinguishers in almost every area

in

the

place;

however,

there

are

some

places

and

instances where there are no fire extinguishers around. The lack of these canisters in some buildings can either be due to the minimum wage of some Filipino workers, due to our culture where it is not common to have a fire extinguisher at home, or due to the fact where it is not required by law to have one of these at home individually. The only problem is that what if there's suddenly a fire at home and a bucket of water is not enough to put it out? That is why in this research,

the

researchers

plan

to

create an

alternative

mixture for a fire extinguisher that is entirely made out of

baking

soda

(sodium

bicarbonate),

water

(Dihydrogen

Monoxide), vinegar (acetic acid), salt (sodium chloride), and soap (sodium hydroxide). This product is beneficial to all of the Filipinos, especially those who are living in the rural areas, because the materials used in this product are guaranteed to put out fire and at the same time, this only costs

in

an

affordable

price

for

all

of

the

Filipino

workers, even if they have minimum wage. This can stand against the fire extinguisher we have today because unlike the

red

canister,

reasonable

priced

this

product

materials

and

of at

theirs

is

the

same

made time

from the

materials given can put out a certain fire individually. In this chapter, the researchers will show the background of the

study, statement of the problem, its significance, coverage, and outcome.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Will

the

alternative

mixture

for

a

fire

extinguisher made out of baking soda, water, vinegar, salt and soap be effective in terms of: A. Effectiveness B. Convenience

HYPOTHESIS

The mixing of baking soda, water, salt, vinegar and soap

will

be

effective

components

for

an

alternative

mixtures for a fire extinguisher. The researchers needs to know if the ingredients of the alternative mixtures are compatible together and can instantly put out fire just as the common fire extinguisher today.

SIGNIFICANCE For

the

researchers,

they

will

be

able

to

significantly contribute to the improvement of the country and the environment's protection. For

the

school,

through the savings

they

will

be

able

to

they could get by shifting

benefit from an

expensive ABC dry powder extinguisher to the alternative fire

extinguisher

improvement

of

which

school

savings facilities,

may

be

salaries

diverted of

to

school

employees, and granting scholarships to deserving students. For the community, Since the materials used are affordable, more houses and business establishments can have fire extinguishers which would make the community safer from tragic fire incidents. For the country, Due to the reasonable price of the researchers' product, the economy of the country will rise and it will help improve the fire extinguisher industry and make the Philippines a fire hazard free country.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS This study will cover the effectiveness of the alternative baking

mixture

soda,

of

water,

a

fire

vinegar,

extinguisher, salt

and

soap

made

up

which

of are

contained inside a plastic bottle that can easily explode when

exposed

to

fire,

based

on

its

efficiency

and

convenience. The study will not cover the longevity of the mixture due to the fact that it cannot be traced using a specific tool.

DEFINITION OF TERMS The following terms are the unfamiliar words found in this research: ABC Dry Powder. Is a multi-purpose powder ( made out of Ammonium or Mono-ammonium phosphate ) that is used in the original fire extinguisher. Apparatus. Another term for equipment; used to describe fire Extinguisher.

PARAD I G M O F TH E ST U DY ·

Materials:

·

- Baking Soda - Water

Experimenting on the alternative mixture

·

Observing Data

·

An Alternative Fire Extinguisher out of Baking soda, Water, Salt, Vinegar and Soap.

- Salt

·

Finalizing Results

- Vinegar - Soap

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELA RELATED TED LITERA LITERATURE TURE THE COMBUSTION PROCESS According to a website named Fire Safety Advice Centre, there are four main elements to a fire, which are shown in a triangle shape, depicting the said elements, called a tetrahedron or a fire triangle. For many years the concept of fire was symbolized by the Triangle of Combustion and

represented,

fuel,

heat,

and

oxygen.

Further

fire

research determined that a fourth element, a chemical chain reaction, was a necessary component of fire. Further on, A tetrahedron can be described as a pyramid which is a solid having four plane faces. Essentially all four elements must be present for fire to occur, fuel, heat, oxygen, and a chemical essential

chain

elements

extinguished. 2016

reaction. will

Removal result

of in

any the

one

of

fire

these being

SOAP-WATER FIRE EXTINGUISHER According to Web Japan, Putting out a firewith foam made fromsoapwater uses just one-seventeenth as much water as puttingoutafirewith just water (Thanks to the detergent in thesoap, the foam contains water, which increases its fireextinguishing

power.). Specifically,

the

soap

water

made

here is detergent soap. July 2008

CHEMICAL REACTION BETWEEN VINEGAR AND BAKING SODA According to Umanitoba, In order for a candle to burn, oxygen (O2) is required. Vinegar mixed with dissolved baking soda

causes

product

a

carbon

quick

chemical

dioxide

(CO2).

reaction If

the

that

creates

chemical

the

reaction

occurs inside a beaker containing a lit candle, the carbon dioxide created will accumulate and push out the oxygen, thus extinguishing the flame. 2003

SALT PUTTING OUT GREASE FIRES According to Life Hacker, Baking soda puts out fires by releasing carbon dioxide and smothering the fire, but if the fire is burning violently enough, the convection created by the fire pulls in enough oxygen to offset the smothering effect. Salt, on

the other hand, apparently is

a great

absorber of heat for its volume. It sucks so much heat out of

the

grease

that

it

simply

can't

support

combustion

anymore. 2013

FIRE EXTINGUISHED BY WATER According to The Science PT, Water puts out fire by creating a barrier between the fuel source and the oxygen source (it also has a cooling effect which has to do with the

energy

vapor).

It

required does

to

this

convert

because

liquid

it

is

a

water

into

completely,

water 100%

oxidized material. It simply cannot oxidize any further so it will not burn. This smothers the fire. The same thing would

happen

if

a completely spent

the fire

ashes will

be

that used.

remained Or,

as

after

mentioned

before, CO2. 2016 PERCENTAGE OF FIRE INCIDENTS IN THE PHILIPPINES According to this website, fire incidents in the Philippines dropped by 50 percent in February 2018.The number of fire incidents declined in February compared to the same period last year, indicating an increase in public awareness of fire

prevention,

the

Bureau

of

Fire

Protection

(BFP)

announced yesterday. Supt. Gilbert Dolot, director for BFP —

Fire Safety and Prevention said there were only 581 fire incidents from Feb.1 to 28 compared to the same period last year with 1,268 or a significant decrease of 54.18 percent. Also,

according

to

this,legal

electrical

connections,

octopus wiring and overloading of electrical circuits were the common causes of fire. 2018

CHAPTER III METHODOL METHODOLOGY OGY TYPES OF RESEARCH In this study, the researchers will be doing a qualitative type of research where they will present how their alternative mixture can be able to put out a fire and why

must

they

create

a

substitute

on

the

extinguisher

Filipinos know today.

RESEARCH DESIGN The researchers will be conducting an experimental research design due to the fact that this is the best choice

for their alternative mixture in solving their statement of the problem and purpose of their study. The researchers chose this kind of study because it involves different procedures and tests that need to be followed in the product they need to create. This kind of study can help them use the scientific method in terms of creating, observing, and testing it to see if it is as effective and can be used by everyone without any harm.

TARGET POPULATION The target population for this research defined to include the families who are living in the urban cities because according to current statistics, the people who are at a high risk of having a fire at home are the ones who have a family since these people commonly consume a ton of amount of electricity and fossil fuels in the house; the families who live at Baranggay 479 in Sampaloc, Manila are the ones who are at the researchers reach. In this study, the accessible target population of the researchers is composed of 5 families who live in the city of Manila. This population is also the perfect choice for the researchers study because as stated back in Chapter 1, the people who commonly have fires in their area are the ones who live in the urban cities. To make sure that this

research becomes successful, the researchers plan to take this

study

to

the

people

who

commonly

experience

this

situation, or possibly who have encountered this instance before. That is what makes these people the best population for experimenting on how the product of the researchers is efficient and convenient enough to use in these times of need.

SAMPLING DESIGN A systematic random sampling procedure was chosen to be used in selecting the participants in the study of the researchers. This technique was selected in the purpose of each of the member in the population having an equal chance of being selected in a methodical manner. In the population, the

researchers

will

first

start

the

experiment

on

the

families with the least number of members in the household. Then it will be increased so on and so forth until to the point that the questions or the problems of the researchers are concluded.

INSTRUMENTS FOR DATA COLLECTION The

researchers

chose

their

instruments

for

measurement based on the sub-problems of their research, which

is

how

can

their

alternative

mixture

for

a

fire

extinguisher

be

effective

based

on

its

efficiency

and

convenience. The researchers decided that the instrument they will

use

to

measure

thermometer.

Before

for

the

its

member

efficiency of

the

is

target

a

metal

population

tests the product in action, the thermometer will first record the heat of the fire that will be used for testing. As recorded, the member now uses the alternative mixture to eliminate the fire. As used, the researchers will use the thermometer

again

to

see

if

the

temperature

before

increased, decreased, or remained constant. If it increased or remain constant, that can mean the alternative mixture was not successful enough.

If it decreased, that can mean

it was effective enough to eliminate the flame. In designed

a

measuring survey

the

that

convenience,

will

be

the

answered

researchers by

the

test

subjects. Convenience has something to do with how easy it is to use the product that was made. The convenience of a certain product is determined by the person who used it. Based

on

the

target

population

of

the

researchers,

the

people who will be determining how comfortable and easy it was to use their product will be the families living in the urban areas. If they say it was easy to use, then the

convenience of the product created by the researchers is effective for people to use without any hassle.

BIBLIOGRAPHIES CHEMICAL REACTION BETWEEN VINEGAR AND BAKING SODA Schultza G. and Lien B. ( 2003 ) Retrieved from: https://www.umanitoba.ca/outreach/crystal/Grade%205/Cluster %202/5-2-03%20-%20Fire%20Extinguisher%20-%20Discrepant %20Event. COMBUSTION PROCESS (2016) Retrieved from:

https://www.firesafe.org.uk/information-about-the-firetriangletetrahedron-and-combustion/ FIRE EXTINGUISHED BY WATER Meira E. ( 2016 ) Retrieved from: https://thesciencept.com/breaking-down-water-to-put-out-a-fire

INTRODUCTION Mayuga, J.L 2018 http://www.google.com/amp/s/businessmirror.com.ph/2018/03/21 /tragedy-of-fires-death-and-destruction-in-thephilippines/amp

SALT PUTTING OUT GREASE FIRES Miller T. ( 2013 ) Retrieved from: https://lifehacker.com/whats-the-best-way-to-safely-put-outa-grease-fire-1002810379 SOAP-WATER FIRE EXTINGUISHER Morita corp ( 2008 ) Retrieved from: https://web-japan.org/kidsweb/hitech/extinguisher/index.html

PERCENTAGE OF FIRE INCIDENTS IN THE PHILIPPINES Urrutia J.D, Villaverde S.V, Algario N.T, Malvar R.J and Oliguano A.B ( 2018 ) Retrieved from: https://scholar.google.com.ph/scholar? as_ylo=2015&q=percentage+of+fire+incidents+in+the+philippines&hl= en&as_sdt=0,5#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p%3DR_9_xJSamt8J...