4.d Covalent Nomenclature key PDF

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Covalent Nomenclature Activity Acids Naming acids requires one to know when to and not to use hydro- in the name. If the acid is an elemental acid, you use the hydro- prefix. Example 1: What are the names of HCl and HClO3? Plan – When naming an acid, one looks at the ion present if the H is removed. For HCl, Cl- would be present. Cl- is the chloride ion. –ide ions become hydro – ic acids. HCl = hydrochloric acids Plan – If the ion remaining is not an –ide ion it does not get hyro- in the name. Further, the ending of the acid name depends on the ending of the ion. –ate ions become –ic acids and –ite ions become –ous acids. HClO3 = chloric acid 1. Name the following acids HNO3

Nitric acid

H 2S

Hydrosulfuric acid

HNO2

Nitrous acid

H2SO3

Sulfurous acid

When writing formulas of acids one adds the number of hydrogens required to balance out the charge on the ion that is present without the hydrogens. Example 2: What are the formulas of hydrofluoric acid and sulfuric acid? Plan – hydrofluoric acid is made from the fluoride ion (F-). To balance out the one negative charge, we need one hydrogen Hydrofluoric acid = HF Plan: Sulfuric acid is made from the sulfate ion (SO42-). To balance out the two negative charge, we need two hydrogens Sulfuric acid = H2SO4 2. Write the formulas of the following acids

Hydrobromic acid

HBr

Carbonic acid

H2CO3

Nitrous acid

HNO2

Acetic acid

HC2H3O2

For non-acid covalent compounds one uses the greek prefixes to designate the number of each atom Example 3: What is the name of P4H10 and the formula of sulfur dioxide ? Plan – P4H10 is a non-acid covalent compound so we must use the greek prefixes to designate the number of each atom present. P4H10 = tetraphosphorus decahydride Plan – Sulfur dioxide – mono is understood to be the first prefix and di- indicates two Sulfur dioxide = SO2 3. Name or write the formulas of the following covalent compounds Dinitrogen

N 2O 3

P2O5

Diphosphorus pentoxide

CCl4

SF6

Sulfur hexafluoride

trioxide Carbon tetrachloride

Exercises: Complete the table with either the missing name or formula of the compound. This is a mix of ionic and covalent. Take your time. Formula

Name

Name

Formula

NH4Cl

Ammonium chloride

Iron(III) phosphate

FePO4

H3PO4

Phosphoric acid

Dichlorine heptoxide

Cl2O7

P4Se3

Tetraphosphorus triselenide

Copper(I)chlorite

CuClO

Cu3N2

Copper(II) nitride

Oxygen difluoride

OF2

Li2SO3

Lithium sulfite

Lead(II) acetate

Pb(C2H3O2)2

CS2

Carbon disulfide

Silver fluoride

AgF

LiHCO3

Lithium icarbonate

Hydroiodic acid

HI

SnS

Tin(II) sulfide

Potassium chlorite

KClO2...