5 Ps Formulation Handout PDF

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PSYC212: Abnormal Psychology

Australian Catholic University

THE FIVE P’S APPROACH TO CASE FORMULATION Case formulation refers to a framework for describing, explaining, and then planning treatment for a specific person’s psychological disorder. The Five P’s approach provides a structured way of constructing this formulation.

1. PREDISPOSING FACTORS: What led to the problem starting? These are historical psychological, biological, developmental, and socio-cultural factors that increased the person’s vulnerability to their current problems. Mary – Death of grandfather Teasing Max – Mother committed suicide Father lef

2. PRECIPITATING FACTORS: What triggered the problem? These are the recent psychological, biological, developmental, and socio-cultural factors that triggered the presenting issues. Write down some possible factors here…

3. PERPETUATING FACTORS: What keeps the problem going? These are the psychological, biological, developmental, and socio-cultural factors that maintain the current problems and interfere with or prevent recovery. Write down some possible factors here…

4. PROTECTIVE FACTORS: What are the person’s strengths ? These are the individual’s strengths that help maintain their emotional health, and that have prevented the current problems from getting even worse. Mary Resilient

5. PRESCRIPTIVE FACTORS: What could help with the problem? These are the evidence-based techniques, therapies, and interventions that may be beneficial in dealing with the current problems. Write down some possible factors here…

THE FIVE P’S APPROACH TO CASE FORMULATION Case formulation refers to a framework for describing, explaining, and then planning treatment for a specific person’s psychological disorder. The Five P’s approach provides a structured way of constructing this formulation.

1. PREDISPOSING FACTORS: What led to the problem starting? These are historical psychological, biological, developmental, and socio-cultural factors that increased the person’s vulnerability to their current problems. Example: Max has a developmental disability that has interfered with his ability to understand emotions or to form close connections with other people. Growing up, his parents were distant and other children were cruel to him, making Max feel lonely and isolated.

2. PRECIPITATING FACTORS: What triggered the problem? These are the recent psychological, biological, developmental, and socio-cultural factors that triggered the presenting issues. Example: While Max has many long-standing issues, the sudden introduction of Mary’s personal questions has caused Max increasingly severe anxiety attacks and bouts of overeating.

3. PERPETUATING FACTORS: What keeps the problem going? These are the psychological, biological, developmental, and socio-cultural factors that maintain the current problems and interfere with or prevent recovery.

Example: Max often avoids interacting with other people, preventing him from experiencing opportunities to learn and observe social skills and to form positive relationships. Max also copes with his psychological problems through over-eating, rather than seeking professional help for his problems.

4. PROTECTIVE FACTORS: What are the person’s strengths ? These are the individual’s strengths that help maintain their emotional health, and that have prevented the current problems from getting even worse.

Example: Underneath his odd behaviours and unusual ways of seeing the world, Max is a caring, warm-hearted individual, and can be very personable and well intentioned. Max also has a good sense of humour, which allows him to see the lighter side of things.

5. PRESCRIPTIVE FACTORS: What could help with the problem? These are the evidence-based techniques, therapies, and interventions that may be beneficial in dealing with the current problems.

Example: Max could benefit from a range of interventions: positive reinforcement and shaping to increase his involvement in leisure interests and recreational pursuit;, a systematic desensitization programme to help him overcome some of his acquired anxieties; social skills modelling to allow him to better understand and feel more comfortable around people; and work with a therapist that has unconditional positive regard for Max as a person....