6 AP World Practice DBQ - state and innovation 2021 Updated (Anti-Social Studies) PDF

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Evaluate the role of the state in innovation and the development of new technology between the 17th and 19th centuries.   Document 1 

Source: Père du Halde: Teaching Science to the Manchu [Qing] Emperor, c. 1680

 THIS nation, naturally proud, looked upon themselves as the most learned in the world, and they enjoyed this reputation without disturbance because they were acquainted with no other people more knowing than themselves; but they were undeceived by the ingenuity of the missionaries who appeared at court. The proof which they gave of their capacity served greatly to authorize their ministry and to gain esteem for the religion which they preached. The late emperor, Cang hi, whose chief delight was to acquire knowledge, was never weary of seeing or hearing them...  They did not fail afterwards to comply with the emperor's taste for great quantities of curious things were sent out of Europe by Christian princes, who had the conversion of this great empire at heart, insomuch that the emperor's cabinet was soon filled with various rarities, especially clocks of the most recently invented and most curious workmanship.

 Document 2 

Source: Dr. John Wallis, A Defence of the Royal Society, 1678  I take its [the Royal Society's] first ground and foundation to have been in London, about the year 1645, when Dr. Wilkins (then chaplain to the Prince Elector Palatine, in London),and others, met weekly at a certain day and hour, under a certain penalty, and a weekly contribution for the charge of experiments, with certain rules agreed upon among us. When (to avoid diversion to other discourses, and for some other reasons), we barred all discourses of divinity, of state affairs, and of news, other than what concerned our business of Philosophy. These meetings we removed soon after to the Bull Head in Cheapside, and in term-time to Gresham College, where we met weekly at Mr. Foster's lecture (then Astronomy Professor there), and, after the lecture ended, repaired, sometimes to Mr. Foster's lodgings, sometimes to some other place not far distant, where we continued such enquiries, and our numbers increased… upon HisMajesty's return, we were (about the beginning of the year 1662) by His Majesty's grace and favor, incorporated by the name of The Royal Society. May be reproduced for classroom purposes. To use in monetized resources please contact [email protected]

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 Document 3 Source: Letters patent establishing the French Academy, 1635, reign of King Louis XIII  When God called us to the headship of the state we cherished the purpose not only of putting an end to the disorders caused by the civil wars which had so long distracted the realm, but we also aimed to adorn the state with all the ornaments appropriate to the oldest and most illustrious of existing monarchies… One of the most glorious proofs of the happiness of a realm is that the sciences and arts flourish within it, and that letters as well as arms are held in esteem, since these constitute one of the chief ornaments of a powerful state…  The French language, which has suffered much hitherto from neglect on the part ofthose who might have rendered it the most perfect of modern tongues, is now more capable than ever of taking its high place...in order to put these decisions into execution and render the French language not only elegant but capable of treating all the arts and sciences… We do permit, by our special favor, power, and royal authority, and do authorize and approve by these presents, signed by our hand, the said assemblies and conferences. We will that they continue hereafter in our good city of Paris, under the name of the French Academy...

  Document 4 Source: Writings describing the practice of inoculation against smallpox in Constantinople, Lady Montague, wife of the British Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, 1717  I am going to tell you a thing, that will make you wish yourself here. The small-pox, so fatal, and so general amongst us, is here entirely harmless, by the invention of engrafting, which is the term they give it…  Every year, thousands undergo this operation, and the French Ambassador says pleasantly, that they take the small-pox here by way of diversion, as they take the waters in other countries. There is no example of any one that has died in it, and you may believe I am well satisfied of the safety of this experiment, since I intend to try it on my dear little son. I am patriot enough to take the pains to bring this useful invention into fashion in England, and I should not fail to write to some of our doctors very particularly about it, if I knew any one of them that I thought had virtue enough to destroy such a considerable branch of their revenue, for the good of mankind.

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 Document 5  Source: Cover and title page of a manuscript by British physician Thomas Dimsdale, published in 1768, six years after Dimsdale was made a Baron of Russia for inoculating Empress Catherine the Great and her son

         May be reproduced for classroom purposes. To use in monetized resources please contact [email protected]

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 Document 6 

Source: Engraving of “Government Troop Steamer for the Lower Indus River,” 1861, London Illustrated News

  Document 7 Source: U.S. Pacific Railway Act of 1862, signed into law by President Lincoln 

An Act to aid in the Construction of a Railroad and Telegraph Line from the Missouri River to the Pacific Ocean, and to secure to the Government the Use of the same for Postal, Military, and Other Purposes… 

SECTION. 2. And be it further enacted, That the right of way through the public lands be, and the same is hereby, granted to said company for the construction of said railroad and telegraph line; and the right, power, and authority is hereby given to said company to take from the public lands adjacent to the line of said road, earth, stone, timber, and other ma- terials for the construction thereof; said right of way is granted to said railroad to the extent of two hundred feet in width on each side of said railroad where it may pass over the public lands, including all necessary grounds for stations, buildings, workshops, and depots, machine shops, switches, side tracks, turntables, and, water stations. The United States shall extinguish as rapidly as may be the Indian titles to all lands falling under the operation of this act and required for the said right of way and; grants hereinafter made.  May be reproduced for classroom purposes. To use in monetized resources please contact [email protected]...