8 Special Collection AND Point OF CARE Testing PDF

Preview

Summary

SPECIAL COLLECTION AND POINT OF CARE TESTING PMLS 2 LECTURE 7 FINALS LEARNING OBJECTIVES: deglutition 1. Explain the principle behind each special collection procedure, identify the steps involved, and list any special supplies or equipment required. 2. Describe patient identification and specimen l...

Description

SPECIAL COLLECTION AND POINT OF CARE TESTING PMLS 2 LECTURE 7 FINALS LEARNING OBJECTIVES: deglutition 1. Explain the principle behind each special collection procedure, identify the steps involved, and list any special supplies or equipment required. 2. Describe patient identification and specimen labeling procedures required for blood bank tests and identify the types of specimens typically required. 3. Define and explain point-of-care testing (POCT) carboxypeptidase SPECIAL PROCEDURES 1. Blood Bank Specimens 4. 2-Hour Postprandial Glucose 2. Blood Cultures 5. Glucose Tolerance Test 3. Coagulation Specimens 6. Drug Screening A. BLOOD BANK SPECIMENS REQUIREMENTS:  Lavender or pink top EDTA tubes  Non additive glass red-stoppered tube  Require strict patient identification and specimen labeling procedures  Special ID bracelet attached to patient’s wrist might be used TYPE, SCREEN AND CROSSMATCH  determines a patient’s blood type (ABO) and Rh factor (positive or negative)  a cross-match is performed using the patient’s type and screen results to help select a donor unit of blood  the patient’s plasma or serum and the donor’s RBCs are mixed together to determine compatibility  incompatible blood can be fatal

B. BLOOD CULTURES- alchol, idoine,alcohol, lower angle of the syringe check the presence of bacteria of the patient  bacteria can cause bacteremia bacteria in blood or septicemia microorganisms or their toxins in the blood  determine the presence and extent of infection  indicate the type of organism responsible and the antibiotic to which it is most susceptible

`

   

useful in assessing the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy once treatment is initiated two to four blood cultures are necessary to optimize the detection of bacteremia and fungemia specimens should be drawn 30 to 60 minutes apart different time different site if the patient is in critical condition or an antibiotic must be given right away, cultures should be drawn consecutively and immediately from different sites According to ASM,American Society for Microbiology the volume of blood drawn for infants and younger children should be from 1-4 percent of the patient’s total blood volume, generally speaking. For adults or people weighing more than 80 pounds, the recommended volumes for blood cultures are 20ml to 30 mlper culture with a minimum of 10 mL per draw.  collected in special bottles containing nutrient broth (referred to as medium_) that encourages the growth of microorganisms  collected in sets of two: aerobic and anaerobic SKIN ANTISEPSIS  destruction of microorganisms on the skin  is a critical part of the blood culture collection procedure  30- to 60-second friction scrub using:  tincture of iodine, chlorhexidine gluconate, and a povidone/70 percent ethyl alcohol combination

`

`...