ABG Cheat Sheet Nurs 221 PDF

Preview

Summary

Notes about AGB and pH from 221 semester start...

Description

ABG Cheat Sheet HCO3 Bicarbonate, BASE, alkalosis CO2 Carbon Dioxide, ACID, acidosis H2 Hydrogen ion, ACID, found in stomach acids and urine pH 7.35-7.45 PaCO2 35-45 HCO3 22-26

ACID

BASE

H2 Hydrogen Ions

Bicarbonate

Carbon Dioxide







LUNGS – Control CO2 (carbon dioxide) o Acidic  Main way to get CO2 out of the body is by exhaling  Less you breathe out, less CO2 gets out, more CO2 retention, more CO2 means more acidic  Common in intoxication, drugs (usually opioids), head injury, anything with low respiratory rate o Alkalosis  Increased respiratory rate  Anxiety attacks, rapid breathing, hyperventilation KIDNEYS o Control both Hydrogen Ions (ACID) and Bicarbonate (BASE) o Either excretes acid (hydrogen ions) into the urine or retaining more base (bicarb) o Example: the body has a base, or alkalosis overload. Kidneys help to balance the body by excreting more bicarb and retaining more hydrogen ions

Metabolic    

Found in urine and stomach acids Vomiting out acid leaves the body with just base remaining, resulting in alkalosis Renal failure means kidneys can not excrete hydrogen ions via the urine, acid is retained, leaving the body in acidosis Intestines hold more base, so diarrhea will poop out more base, leaving the body in acidosis

 



NGT suction takes out too much METABOLIC ALKALOSIS o Vomiting o Excessive urination o NGT suction METABOLIC ACIDOSIS o Diarrhea o Renal failure (retaining too much urine) o DKA – Diabetic KetoACIDosis



RESPIRATORY o ACIDOSIS  Low and slow RR (hypoventilation)  Sleep apnea  Head trauma, being knocked out  Post Operative, anesthesia, just waking up  CNS depressant, opioids, alcohol, benzos  Gas exchange from pneumonia  COPD or Asthma o ALKALOSIS  Hyperventilation, fast RR  Anxiety, panic attack

o

COMPENSATION o Too much acid, body exhales more with increased RR to eliminate CO 2, common example is diabetic patients who do Kussmaul respirations o Too much base, alkalosis, body breathes slower to retain CO2 and make the body more acidic (rebreathing, breathing into a bag) o...