ACID BASE Handout ROME Answer Key PDF

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Summary

Coursework for week 5. Two of them will be on the exam ...

Description

ACID BASE

Ph

paCO2

HCO3

NORMAL

7.35-7.45

35-45

22-26 (21-28)

Resp.

↓

↑

normal

↑

↓

normal

↓

normal

↓

↑

normal

↑

Acidosis Resp. Alkalosis Metabolic Acidosis Metabolic Alkalosis

R =Respiratory O =Opposite M =Metabolic E =Equal

A normal pH is 7.35-7.45. A pH less than 7.35 means some type of acidosis, a pH greater than 45 means some type of alkalosis. A normal CO2 is 35-45 mmHg. A CO2 value less than 35 mmHg indicates a low level of CO2 and indicates a respiratory alkalosis (hyperventilation). A level greater than 45 mmHg means too much CO2 and a respiratory acidosis (hypoventilation). A normal bicarbonate (HCO3) level is 22-26 mEq. A HCO3 level less than 22 mEq indicates there is not enough HCO3. A low level of bicarbonate means acidosis.

An HCO3 value higher than 26 mEq indicates a high level of bicarbonate, too much HCO3. This means alkalosis.

Interpret the following ABGs 1. pH 7.68 (high) PaCO2 38 mm Hg (wnl) HCO3 32 mEq/L (high) Possible cause: metabolic alkalosis, vomiting, antacid consumption, hypokalemia, NG suctioning 2. pH 7.48 (high) PaCO2 30 mm Hg (low) HCO3 23 mEq/L (wnl) Possible cause: respiratory alkalosis, hyperventilation/anxiety, liver failure, dx affecting Co2 to decrease 3. pH 6.98 (low) PaCO2 52 mm Hg (high) HCO3 22 mEq/L (wnl) Possible cause: respiratory acidosis, hypoventilation, pneumonia, decrease lung expansion 4. pH 7.30 (low) PaCO2 38mm Hg (wnl) HCO3 18 mEq/L (low) Possible cause: metabolic acidosis, diarrhea, DKA, renal failure Identify the probable acid-base imbalance to condition A. Respiratory Acidosis B. Respiratory Alkalosis C. Metabolic Acidosis D. Metabolic Alkalosis o Prolonged vomiting o DKA

_____D_____ _____C_____

o o o o o

Diarrhea (excessive elimination of bicarbonate) Oral ingestion of excess amounts of bases (antacids) Respiratory depression/hypoventilation Hyperventilation from fear or anxiety Inadequate chest expansion

o Severe pneumonia

_____C_____ _____D_____ _____A_____ _____B_____ _____A_____ _____A_____

Think: Resp Acidosis = high CO2 = it is being retained in the body for etc reason Resp Alkalosis = low CO2 = the shallow quick breathing is getting rid of the CO2 Metabolic acidosis = low bicarb = not enough so it is acidic, if it is a non-breathing problem it is metabolic Metabolic alkalosis = high bicarb …same idea as above...