Acid Base Nclex questions and answers PDF

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Acid Base Nclex questions and answers - help you know how to do the acid base problems...

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Acid Base NCLEX Questions 1. A post-operative patient with a nasogastric suctioning for a paralytic ileus

has his ABG drawn after surgery. The following values were obtained from an arterial blood sample: pH 7.55, PCO2 52 mm Hg and HCO3- 40 mmol/l. What is the underlying acid-base disorder? a. Metabolic acidosis b. Respiratory acidosis c. Respiratory alkalosis d. Metabolic alkalosis

2. The nurse is caring for a patient who has been comatose for one week. Analysis of the arterial blood gave the following values: PCO 2 16 mm Hg, HCO3-5 mmol/l and pH 7.1. What is the underlying acid-base disorder? a. Metabolic acidosis b. Respiratory acidosis c. Respiratory alkalosis d. Metabolic alkalosis

3. What arterial PCO2 and pH results would be expected for an individual climbing a mountain that is HIGH above sea level? a. Both will be lower than normal. b. The pH will rise and PCO2 will fall. c. Both will be higher than normal due to the physical exertion. d. The pH will fall and PCO2 will rise 4. Which acid-base imbalance could potentially occur for a patient with an ileostomy? a. b. c. d.

Metabolic Acidosis Metabolic Alkalosis Respiratory Acidosis Respiratory Alkalosis

5. State the acid-base balance for the following lab values. (PaCO 2 values are in mmHg and bicarbonate values in mmol/l). pH 7.5, PaCO2 50, HCO3- 35 metabolic alkalosis pH 7.6, PaCO2 18, HCO3- 20 respiratory alkalosis – partially comp pH 7.2, PaCO2 60, HCO3- 22 uncomp, resp acidosis pH 7.42, PaCO2 58, HCO3- 33 fully compensated metabolic alkalosis 6. A client with a 3-day history of nausea and vomiting presents to the emergency department. The client is hypoventilating and has a respiratory rate of 10 breaths/min. Arterial blood gases are drawn. What results would be expected? a. A decreased pH and an increased CO2 b. An increased pH and a decreased CO2 c. A decreased pH and a decreased HCO3 d. An increased pH with an increased HCO3 7. A nurse is caring for a client in diabetic ketoacidosis who is experiencing Kussmaul respirations. Based on this finding, which of the following would the nurse observe? a. b. c. d.

Respirations that cease for several seconds Respirations that are regular but abnormally slow Respirations that are labored and increased in depth and rate Respirations that are abnormally deep, regular, and increased in rate

8. A nurse reviews the blood gas results of a client with atelectasis. The nurse analyzes the results and determines that the client is experiencing respiratory acidosis. Which of the following validates the nurse's findings? a. b. c. d.

pH 7.25, PCO2 50, pH 7.35, PCO2 40 pH 7.50, PCO2 52 pH 7.52, PCO2 28

9. A client who is found unresponsive has arterial blood gases drawn and the results indicate the following: pH is 7.12, PCO2 is 90, and HCO3- is 22. What acid-base imbalance is occurring? a) Metabolic Acidosis with compensation b. Respiratory Acidosis with compensation c. Metabolic Acidosis without compensation d. Respiratory Acidosis without compensation 10. The nurse plans care for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), understanding that the client is most likely to experience what type of acid-base imbalance? a. b. c. d.

Compensated Metabolic Acidosis Uncompensated Metabolic Alkalosis Compensated Respiratory Acidosis Uncompensated Respiratory Alkalosis

11. A patient’s ABG results reveal a pH of 7.50 and a PC02 of 30. According to this imbalance, what clinical manifestations could be associated? Select all that apply. a. Nausea b. Confusion c. Bradypnea d. Tachycardia e. Lightheadedness...