Acid Base Study Guide PDF

Preview

Summary

Acid base guide...

Description

Acid Base Imbalances Hi New Friend! In this acidbase  guide you’ll find brevity in only some of the highest yield “mustknow”  content for your exams. This one is solely focusedon basics of acid base. For even more content or to be able to remember all of these facts (and more) simply visit our website at w  ww.picmonic.com or click on one of the direct topic links below.

Good Luck Studying! Wm. Kendall Wyatt RN, EMTP Content Director Picmonic, Inc Twitter: @PicmonicKendall Youtube: @PicmonicVideo

LOOKING FOR EVEN MORE? LEARN THE PICMONICS

TAKE A QUIZ

VIEW AN INTRO VIDEO

Images © Picmonic Inc 2016 P  age 1

Acid Base Imbalances

Acid Base Imbalances First : Know the normal values and function Second: Know the function and controlling organ Third: Interpret in three steps!

Normal Values and Function ● pH ○ Normal Blood: 7.357.45 ○ Low Numbers (Acidosis)  High Numbers (Alkalosis)

● CO2 (Carbonic ACID) ○ Normal: 35  45 ○ CO2 is ACIDIC ○ Primarily regulated by LUNGS/RESPIRATORY ○ ****Remember that you BLOW OFF CO2 ■ Breathing faster and deeper will blow off more CO2 ● Decreasing acid in body ■ Not breathing will cause a BUILDUP of CO2 ● Increasing acid in body ○ You can remember pH and CO2 by remembering 7 and 3545  since they are the same. ● 

HCO3 (Bicarbonate) ■ Normal: 22  26 ■ HCO3 is BASIC/ ALKALINE ■ Primarily regulated by KIDNEYS/ METABOLIC ■ Slow to respond (Requires about 1224  hours to compensate and change levels)

HOW TO INTERPRET: ■ Step 1: Evaluate pH ● Below 7.35 = Decreasing (Acidic) ● Above 7.45 = Increasing (Alkalotic) ● MAKE LITTLE ARROWS AND WRITE DOWN HALF OF YOUR ANSWER (ACIDIC/ALKALOTIC)

■ Step 2: Evaluate CO2 ● Below 35 = Decreasing ● Above 45 = Increasing

Images © Picmonic Inc 2016 P  age 2

Acid Base Imbalances ● LOOK AT YOUR ARROWS: ○ Is the CO2 Arrow going OPPOSITE? ■ Write Down RESPIRATORY,and you’re done. ● CO2 going SAME  Direction pH? ○ Evaluate HCO3STEP 3

■ Step 3: Evaluate HCO3 ● HCO3 should be going in the same direction ● WRITE DOWN METABOLIC ● CO2 = Controlled by Lungs = You Blow off CO2 = by breathing IN and OUT in OPPOSITE directions. “Respiratory Opposite” ■ HCO3 = Controlled by kidneys = You pee our bicarb = by letting it all go out one direction.

Disorder Overview ● Respiratory Acidosis ■ What kind of breathing causes building of CO2? ● SLOW/NOT BREATHING (Unable to blow off CO2) ● Causes: ○ Mechanical Ventilation: Underventilation ○ CNS Depression ■ Head Injury ■ Opiates, Benzodiazepines! ■ Respiratory Acidosis Labs ● pH = DOWN ● CO2 = UP ● HCO3 = Early  Normal / Late  UP

● Respiratory Alkalosis ■ What kind of breathing causes blowing off too much CO2? ● Hyperventilation! ● Anxiety ● Mechanical Ventilation: Hyperventilation ■ Respiratory Alkalosis Labs ● pH = UP ● CO2 = DOWN

Images © Picmonic Inc 2016 P  age 3

Acid Base Imbalances ● HCO3 = Early  Normal / Late  DOWN ● Metabolic Acidosis ■ Often seen in ESRD, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Lactic Acidosis ■ Think DOWN, DOWN, DOWN ■ Decreased pH, Decreased CO2, Decreased HCO3 ■ These patients will immediately attempt to balance their low amount of HCO3 with their respiratory status by blowing off CO2: ● Kussmaul's Breathing (Hyperventilation) ■ Metabolic Acidosis Labs ● pH = DOWN ● CO2 = DOWN ● HCO3 = DOWN

● Metabolic Alkalosis ■ Often seen in patients with excessive vomiting, diarrhea, excessive antacid use, diuretics ● They lose too much acid and have too much HCO3 ■ Think UP, UP, UP! ■ Increased pH, Increased CO2, Increased HCO3 ■ These patients may attempt to compensate by decreasing respirations to build up acid in an attempt to correct pH. ■ Metabolic  Alkalosis Labs ● pH = UP ● CO2 = UP ● HCO3 = UP

Images © Picmonic Inc 2016 P  age 4

Acid Base Imbalances

LOOKING FOR EVEN MORE? LEARN THE PICMONICS

TAKE A QUIZ

VIEW AN INTRO VIDEO

Images © Picmonic Inc 2016 P  age 5...