AFST439 Lecture notes PDF

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Ashley Batista AFST 439 4/2/19 Notes 

Globalization o Information Super highway  Information shared among individuals and across continents and regions o Attempt to homogenize world cultures, undermine African cultural heritage o Acceleration of mobility  Technology advancements in transportation systems o World Bank and IMF  Structural Adjustment Program  Introduced in many African countries in mid-1980s to help economic development  Claimed economic development of Africa could be backed by different countries of world, they could come to Africa where there were economies of different levels of development that could be remedied by other countries and backing of structural adjustment  Allows market forces to control economies  Allows for foreign investments  Instead of helping African economies to improve, it created inflation and caused a lot of African to leave their respective countries, many skilled workers left and ended up in Western countries o Mostly men left, left women to take care of children and take on more burdens, burdens to make ends meet, etc. o Women  Many benefitted  Demonstrated their agency, engaged in all kinds of activities  Side hustles/jobs = entrepreneurship  Established vegetable gardens = self-sufficiency  Established (thrifty) corporative societies to pool their resources and work together = unity o Capital rotation societies  International travelling = increasing their global knowledge, experience, and profit  Proactive and innovation facilitated  Many experienced economic hardships, exploitation  Level of gender inequality increased  Poverty became a cycle of struggle to survive  Social and physical constraints  Feminization of poverty  Increased commercialization, benefitted more men than women  Buying and selling, entrepreneurial activities

Women were discriminated against and some women required husbands sign off to borrow loans from banks Education  Muslim men go after young girls, hinders their education Employment  Employers tend to employ more men than women  Marriage and/or pregnancy could hinder labor output  

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Debate 1 Notes 

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Looking South: Race, Gender, and the Transformation of Labor from Reconstruction to Globalization. By Mary E. Frederickson. o women workers periodically challenged patriarchy and readily enlisted in fledging union movements. o black laborers defied stereotypes: often filled in for white workers on breaks and as a reserve labor pool, and thus gained invaluable factory experience.  As a result, black laborers were more than ready to step in and work as operatives when formal segregation at the mills broke down in the mid-1960s. Voice, agency, empowerment, and generational building of self-esteem, confidence, and capital resources...