AGRO ECOLOGICAL REGIONS OF INDIA PDF

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Summary

consists of the basics of agro ecology along with its important elements and the 20 major regions along with their major characteristics given in a comprehensive form of a table...

Description

UNIT II: 1. AGRO ECOLOGICAL ZONES- REGIONALISATION OF INDI Agro-climatic zone is a land unit in terms of major climate, superimposed on length of growing period (m 1983) whereas an agro-ecological zone is the land unit carved out of agro climatic zone superimposed on la climate and length of growing period. An Agro-ecological Cell (AEC) is defined by a unique combination of landform, soil and climatic char processing unit for physical analysis in an AEZ study. The essential elements in defining an agro-ecological zone (or cell) are the growing period, temperature regime

ELEMENTS LENGTH OF GROWING PERIOD: period during the year when prevailing temperature are conducive to crop growth (tmean>5 C) and preciptation + moisture stored in the soil profile exceed half the potential evapo transpiration rate(PET).The growing period defines the period of the year when both moisture and temperature conditions are suitable for crop production. can be interrupted by a) a dry break b) dormancy or cold break. an LGP interrupted by dormancy is considered as 1 Growning Petiod

THERMAL REGIME

SOIL MAPPING UNIT

The thermal regime refers to the amount of heat available for plant growth and development during the growing period. It is usually defined by the mean daily temperature during the growing period

Year round growing period: in an all year round humid period P> PET for the whole year

Normal Growing Period: P> PET for one part of the year. distinguished as: 1. 1GP 2. 1GP with 1 dormancy period 3. 2or more GPs 4. 2 or more GPs of which one with Dormancy period

The soil mapping unit is the basic unit taken from the soil map. When the various soils of a soil mapping unit occur in a recognizable geographical pattern in defined proportions, they constitute a soil associations. Land, according to the FAO definition includes climate, but soil includes properties of the land surface but excludes climate.

ECOSYS

REGIONS

TEM

ARID

States

ECO

Represented

REGION

1.Western

Jammu

Himalayas

Kashmir

and Cold arid &

Himachal

SOIL TYPE

LGP

Shallow

The area qualifies Mild

skeletal,

for

calcareous

moisture and cryic mean

Pradesh

AGRO CLIMATE

aridic

soil

soil severe

summers,

LAN

Spar

winters, non annual 11.1

temperature temperature

less 2.5%

regime with LGP2 than 8 C, rainfall

pulse

of less than 90 less than 150 mm

fruit

days in a year.

apric pash shee

The

ecosystem

represents

2.Western

Gujarat,

Hot Arid

plain. Katch Rajasthan,

Desert

aridic

Rain

soil moisture and

crop

and hyperthermic soil Mean

saline

temperature

annual mille

precipitation

less

(fodd

and part of Punjab

regimes with an than 400mm.

grow

Kathiawar

annual

area

,Haryana

peninsula

LGP

of

less than 90 days

cotto must whea irrig tropi fores redu 1%)

3.deccan plateau

AP, Karnataka

Hot arid

Red and black

The

climate

characterized hot

and

is The

rainfall

is

rainf

by erratic and ranges ,cult dry from 400 to 500

mille

summer and mild mm.

seaso

winter. The LGP

sorg

i

f l

th

90

ffl

highlands

Haryana

pige

including

Rabi

aravallis

lenti mille whea regio vege dry d

5.

central Gujarat, MP

Hot

(Malwa)

semi Medium

arid

and

90-150 days a year

”

Dryl

deep black

Khar

highlands,

sorg

Gujarat

pige

plains,

rabi

Kathiawar

sunf

peninsula

Dry

6.deccan

Karnataka,

AP,

plateau

MP, Maharashtra

Hot semi arid

Shallow

and

90-150

600-1000mm

medium black

Rain drou distr rainf crop durin Sept on st mois decid fores

7.

Deccan AP

Hot

(telangana)

semi Red and black

”

Rain

”

Khar

arid

plateau and

rice,

eastern ghats

decid fores

8.

Eastern Karnataka,

ghats, tamil Kerala

TN,

Hot semi arid

Red loamy

”

”

Rain mille

Pige Khar decid

10.

Central MP, Maharashtra

highlands

Hot

sub Black & red

”

1000-1500 mm

humid

Rain pige

(Malwa,

Rabi

Bundhelkha

tropi

nd,

decid

&

eastern satpura)

11.eastern

MP

plateau

Hot sub

Red and

humid

yellow soils

150-180 days

1200-1600mm

Rain Khar

(chhattisgarh

pige

)

black mois fores

12.Eastern

Orissa, WB,

Hot sub

Red

(chota

Bihar, MP,

humid

laterite

nagpur)

Maharashtra

and

”

1000-1600mm

Rain pulse Trop

plateau and

mois

Eastern

fores

ghats

13.

eastern UP, Bihar

plains

Hot humid

sub

Alluvium

180-210 days

1400-1800 mm

derived

Rain maiz pea Rabi sesam Cash suga chill

14. western MP, UP, J &K

Warm

himalayas

humid

sub Brown forest & podzolic

1000-2000mm

Rain horti plan othe etc

16.

Eastern WB,

himalayas

Sikkim,

Aru Pradesh

Warm

per Brown

humid

red hill

and

270 days

2000mm

Jhum culti must in terra tea, a

17.

north Tripura

, Warm

eastern hills Mizoram, (purvanchal)

per Red

humid

and

Exceeds 270 days

2000-3000mm

lateritic

Jhum rice-

Meghalaya

mille in te altitu valle seaso

COASTA

18.

Eastern Tamil

nadu, Hot

L

coastal

puducherry, AP, humid

plains

Orissa, WB

sub Coastal

90- 150 days

900-1100mm

to alluvium

semi arid

Rain agric

derived

dom eco of brac fishe

19. western Kerala, ghats

ISLAND

goa, Hot

& Maharashtra,

coastal

Gujarat,

plains

and diu

humid Red, lateritic

per humid

daman

20. Island of Andaman

and Hot

Andaman

and per humid

Nicobar

150-210 days

Exceeds 2000 mm

Inten

and alluvium

rice,

derived

& sp

humid Red , loamy and sandy

Exceeds 210 days

900-1100 mm

Natu tropi

and Nicobar Lakshadweep

and

and

plan

Lakshadwee

dom

p

coco...