Anatomy-and-physiology PDF

Preview

Summary

GENERAL AND ORAL ANATOMY; GENERAL AND ORALPHYSIOLOGY Maximum volume to which the lungs can be expanded with the greatest possible inspiratory effort:A. 2,300ml B. 5,800ml C. 3,500ml D. 4,600ml E.5,000ml Signals entering a neuronal pool excite far greater numbers of nerve fibers leaving the pool:• Co...

Description

GENERAL AND ORAL ANATOMY; GENERAL AND ORAL PHYSIOLOGY 1. Maximum volume to which the lungs can be expanded with the greatest possible inspiratory effort: A. 2,300ml B. 5,800ml C. 3,500ml D. 4,600ml E. 5,000ml

2. Signals entering a neuronal pool excite far greater numbers of nerve fibers leaving the pool: •

Convergence C. reverberatory circuit

•

Divergence D. both A & B E. all of the choices

3. The pterygomandibular raphe is a tendon between which muscle? A. stapedius and stylohyoid B. buccinator and superior constrictor C. medial pterygoid and lateral pterygoid

D. levator veli palatine and tensor veli palatini 5. Which ity? of the following cranial nerves have parasympathetic activ-

10. 11. 12.

In performing tracheostomy, the involved triangle is the: A.Carotidtriangle C.Submentaltriangle B. Muscular triangle . D. Subclavian triangle E. Submandibular triangle E. anterior belly of digastric and sternocleidomastoid

4. Which of the following contributes principally to the increase in height of maxillary bones? •

sutural growth C. apposition on the tuberos- ity

•

alveolar growth D. apposition on the anterior sur- fac

A. I, III, VII, IX C. III, V, VII, IX B.II, V, IX, X D. III, VII, IX, X E. V, VII, VIII, X 6. Succinylcholine blocks neuromuscular transmission by: A. inhibiting cholinesterase B. inhibiting the CNS C. depolarizing the motor endplate of skeletal muscle D. inducing formation of cholinesterase at the endplate E. blocking release of acetylcholine at the endplate

7. Fracture through the angle of the mandible can result in an upward displacement of the proximal fragment. Which of the following groups of muscles produces this movement? A. Digastric and geniohyoid B. Masseter, digastric and lateral pterygoid C.

Masseter, temporal and lateral pterygoid D. Masseter, temporal and medial pterygoid

8. The following are classified as mixed cranial nerves: 1. CN 5 3. CN 9 2. CN 7 4. CN 11 5. CN 12 A.1,23 B.2,3,4 C.3,4,5 D.1,4,5 E.4&5

9. This is smooth muscle that helps eject urine from the bladder:

A. Dartos B Myometrium C. Detrussor muscle D. Bulbospongiosus E. Trigone The cranial nerves that are associated with the tongue: 1. CN 5 2. CN 7 3. CN 9 4. CN 11 5. CN 12 A. 1,2,3,4 B. 2,3,4,5 C. 1,2,4,5 D. 1,2,3,5 E. 1,2,3,4,5 The foramen where the CSF passes were: 1. Iter 2. Stensen’s3. Magendie 4. Monro 5. Luschka A. 1,2,3,4 B. 2,3,4,5 C. 1,3,4,5 D. 1,3,5 E. 2,3,5

13. ing characteristics of a sound wave? The pitch of a sound is related mainly to which of the follow- A. Amplitude of waves C. Secondary waves

14. B. A.

Frequency of waves D..Length of waves E. Superimposed wave Muscle cells use which of the following to store energy? NADH B. Creatine phosphate C. FADH2 D. Phosphoenolpy- ruvate

15. sage of renal vessels and ureters:

19. 20. A.

A. 1, 2, 3 B. 2, 3, 5 C. 1, 4, 6 D. 1, 4, 5 E. 2, 4, 5 Which lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for hearing? Temporal lobe B. Frontal lobe C. Occipital lobe D. Parietal lobe Which structures make up the brainstem? 1. Diencephalon 3. Medulla oblongata 2. Pons 4. Mesencephalon A.1,2,3 B.2,3,4 C.2&3 D.2&4 E.1,2,3,4 Indentation in the medial border of the kidney’s for the pas-

A. Renal hiatus B. renal hilus C. Renal sinus D. renal orifice E. Renal pelvis

16. Inner layer of the dura mater between cerebral hemispheres cerebellum:

A. Londitudinal B.. falx cerebri C. central sulcus D.. Falx cerebelli E. transverse cerebi

17. Which two muscle below form a sling around the angle of the mandible?

1. 2. Buccinator muscle 3. Medial pterygoid muscle Massetermuscle 4. Lateral pterygoid muscle A.1&2 B.2&3 C.3&4 D.1&3 E.1&4

18. of the pharynx? 1. Superior constrictor 3. Palatopharyngeus 5. Inferior conWhich three muscle are considered to be the circular muscles strictor 2. Stylopharyngeus 4. Middle constrictor 6. Salpingopharyngeus

21. other ancillary functions is called:

22. A. B. C. 23. A. B. The cardiac notch is a deep indentation on the: Non-neuronal tissue of the CNS that performs supportive and A.Dermatome B.Bursa C. Neuroglia D.Synapse Superior lobe of the left lung right lung Inferior lobe of the left lung

of the right lung Inferior lobe of the right lung Ovulation occurs as a result of: The progesteroneinduced LH surge induced FSH surge The progesterone-induced FSH surge LH surge D. Middle lobe of the E. Superior lobe C. The estrogen- D. The estrogen-induced

24. A. B. 25. Which A. B. C. D. Which receptors are stimulated by distension of the lungs? Irritant receptors C. Lung stretch receptors J receptors D. Joint and muscle receptors When a patient opens his mouth, there is an audible click. of the following represents the most plausible explanation? The joint capsule has thickened The disk and condyle lack functional coordination The articular eminence has flattened The medial pterygoid muscle is in spasm.

26. forward displacement of the condylar head because of the pull of which of the following muscles?

30.

A. B. C. D. A. B. Under the distofacial cusp. Lingual to the orifice of the mesiofacial canal On a line running from the palatal orifice to the distofacial orifice. On a line running from the distofacial orifice to the mesiofa- cial orifice. The lingual lobe of an anterior teeth is referred to as the: lingual ridge C. mamelons cingulum D. tubercles E. lingual pit

A. B. Temporal C. Buccinator Masseter D. Medial pterygoid E. Lateral ptery- goid A fracture through the neck of the condyle can result in the

27. through the mucous membrane and the buccinator muscle and lies lat- eral to which muscle ? During an inferior alveolar block injection, the needle passes

A. Masseter B. Medial pterygoid C. Temporalis D. Lateral pterygoid

28. The internal acoustic meatus transmits which two of the fol- lowing structures?

1. Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) 3. Facial nerve (CN VII)

2. Trigeminal nerve (CN V) 4. Vagus nerve (CN X) A.1&2 B.2&3 C.1&3 D.1&4 E.2&4

29. Where is the orifice to the fourth canal in a maxillary first molar usually found?

31. of which premolar?

A. B. maxillary 1st C. mandibular 1st maxillary 2nd D. mandibular 2nd 2-cusp E. Mandibu- lar 2nd 3-cusps

32. two locations? Mesial developmental depression is a characteristic feature “Primate spaces” in the primary dentition are found in which

1. In the maxillary arch, located between the central & lateral incisors 3 distal.

33. 2. In the maxillary arch, located between the lateral inci- sors & canines

3. In the mandibular arch, located between the canines & first molars

4. In the mandibular arch, located between the lateral in- cisors & canines

A.1&2 B.2&3 C.3&4 D.1&4 D.2&4 E.1& Anterior teeth whose cingulum are located off center to the

1. Maxillary centrals 2. Maxillary laterals 3. Maxillary canines A.1,2,4,5 B.1,2,4,5,6 E.1, 5, 6 4. Mandibular centrals 5. Mandibular laterals 6. Mandibular canines C.1,3,4,5,6 D.2,3,4

34. During a working side movement of the mandible, the oblique ridge of a maxillary first molar passes through which sulcus of a permanent mandibular first molar?

35. 36. molar? A. B. Mesiobuccal sulcus C. Mesiolingual sulcus Distobuccal sulcus D. Distolingual sulcus How many planes of movement can the mandible move in? A. one B. two C. three D. four

Cusp of carabelli is found on which cusp of maxillary first A. mesiobuccal cusp C. distobuccal cusp

B. mesiolingual cusp D. distolingual cusp 37. Cervical contours are closely related to the attachment of gingival at the neck of the tooth. The greatest contours of the cervical lines and gingival attachments occur on which of the fol- lowing surfaces?

38. teeth that have a trapezoidal outline: 3. Buccal of posterior

A. B. Distal surfaces anterior teeth Distal surfaces posterior teeth The surfaces of 1. Lingual of posterior teeth teeth

2. Labial of anterior teeth rior teeth

A.1,2,3 B.2,3,4 C.2&3only only

39. tion has:

A. B.

slight contact of teeth C. no contact maximum contact of teeth D. premature contact E. slanted of anterior teeth C. Mesial surfaces of of posterior teeth D. Mesial surfaces of The mandible in its physiologic rest or postural resting posi-

40. in any activity: This is a position assumed by the jaw when it is not engaged 4. Proximal of poste- D.1,2,4 E.1

A. B. initial contact C. centric occlusion physiologic rest position D. habitual occlusal position E. most protruded position

41. a permanent first molar is the same height as:

A. B. C. D. The mesial marginal ridge of a permanent maxillary 2nd premo- lar The mesial marginal ridge of a permanent mandibular first mo- lar The mesial marginal ridge of a permanent maxillary 2nd molar

The distal marginal ridge of a permanent maxillary second pre- molar. Occlusocervically, the height of the distal marginal ridge of

42. triangular ridges (TR)?

43. 1. mesial TR of mesiolingual cusp 3. TR of distobuccal cusp

2. distal TR of mesiolingual cusp 4. TR of distolingual cusp A.1&3 B.1&4 C.2& 3 D.2&4 E.1&4 Which among the premolars develops from 5 lobes? maxillary 1st C. mandibular 1st E. mandibu- lar 2nd – 3 cusp type maxillary 2nd D. mandibular 2nd- 2 cusp type

A. B. Oblique ridges of maxillary molars are formed by which two

44. mandible in relation to the maxilla is primarily determined by the:

A. B. 45. ments? A. B. 46. tion?

straight forward C. downward, forward and lat- eral downward, forward and medial D. downward, backward and medial The mandibular molars have an inclination towards what direcFacially C. neither facially nor lingually Lingually D. Both, depending on the type of mandibular molars Y-shaped groove is characteristic of : maxillary 1st C. mandibular 1st E. mandibular 2nd – 3 cusp type maxillary 2nd D. mandibular 2nd- 2 cusp type

47. A. B. A. B. When the teeth are in centric occlusion, the position of the intercuspation of teeth C. presence or absence of diastemas tonus of muscles of head and neck D. ligaments of the TMJ The non-working condyle performs which of the following move-

48. velopmental groove: One of its’ distinguishing landmark is the mesiolingual de-

A.maxillary1st C. mandibular 1ST B. maxillary 2nd D. mandibular 2nd E. third molars

49. This molar presents two major and two minor fosae? A.maxillary1st C. mandibular 1ST B. maxillary 2nd D. mandibular 2nd E. third molars 50. A well-developed transverse ridge is found on the occlusal of this tooth?

51. Tactile cells of Merkel: determine texture of what is felt B important in localizing touch sensations C detect tissue vibration

52. sations A. B. A. B. C. maxillary 1st molar C. mandibular 1ST premolar maxillary 2nd premolar D. mandibular 2nd 3-cusp type Sensations transmitted by anterolateral system: 1. pain 3. tickle & itch 2. crude touch 4. position sensations 5. sexual senA. 1,2,3,4 B. 1,2,3,5 C. 2,3,4,5 D. 1,3,4,5 E. 5 only

53. Kinesthesia: A. rate receptors C. phasic receptors B.position senses D. both A & B E. both B & C

54. Intensity of this taste sensation is approximately propor- tional to the logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration: A. sweet B. salty C. sour D. bitter E. none of these.

55. At birth, which of the following structures is nearest the size it will eventually attain in adulthood?

A. Cranium B. middle face C. Mandible D. nasal Capsule 56. When lowering the floor of the mouth of a patient, a practi- tioner detaches all or part of which muscles?

A. B. C. 57. acids in cell membranes?

A. B. 58. comes Histamine C. prostaglandins Serotonin D. bradykinins E. endorphine After A threshold stimulus, the cell-membrane permeability be- altered. The liberation of which of the following transmitter Mylohyoid ioglossus Mylohyoid ioglossus Mylohyoid and geniohyoid D. Geniohyoid and gen- and buccinator E. Buccinator and gen- and genioglossus Which of the following is derived from the unsaturated fatty substances causes this alteration? A. Acetylcholine C. hydroxycholine B.Cholinesterase D.acetylsalicyclicacid D. both A & E. both B &

59. Gastric secretion is regulated by which two mechanisms? 1. Counter-current mechanism 2. Neural mechanism 3. Hormonal mechanism

4. Immunological mechanism A.1&2 B.2&3 C.3&4 D.1&3 E.2&4

60. lead 1 of the ECG?

A. B. 61. blood right arm (-) and left arm (+) C. Left arm (-) and left leg (+) right arm (-) and left leg (+) D. Left arm (-) and right leg (+) Which valve composed of two cusps that prevent a backflow of from the left ventricle to the left atrium during ventricular

A. B. Major duodenal duct C. Ampulla of vater Common bile orifice D. Hepatopancreatic Minor duodenal duct Which of the following represents the standard bipolar limb contraction?

A. 62. is: A. B.

Tricuspid valve B. Pulmonary valve C. Mitral valve D. Aor- tic valve The longest and most convoluted portion of the digestive tract Large intestine C. Pharynx Esophagus D. Rectum E. Small intestine

63. in the duodenum: Common opening of the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct ampulla E.

64. sorbed by the kidney tubules?

A. B. Which of the following substances is filtered Sodium chloride C. Para-aminohippurate (PAH) but not reabWhich of the following is synthesized only by microoraganisms Inulin D. Glucose

65. and is not present in plants?

A.Vitamin A B. Vitamin C C. Cobalamin (Vitamin B 12)D. Vitamin E

66. The liver is one of the two organ, along with the lungs, to receive a dual blood supply. Which two structures are responsible for that dual blood supply to the liver?

1. Common carotid artery 3. Splanchnic vein 2. Hepatic artery 4. Hepatic portal vein A. 1&2 B.2&3 C.3&4 D.2&4 E.1&4

67. Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the superior and inferior venae cavae and also from the anterior cardiac veins?

A. 68. A. B. Right atrium B. Right ventricle C. Left atrium D. Left ventricle Rods and cones of the retina are examples of: Mechanoreceptors C. chemoreceptors Photoreceptors D. thermoreceptors

69. The action potential is an explosion of electrical activity that is created by a:

A. B. Polarizing current C. Repolarizing current Depolarizing current D. Both B & C

70. outside of the cell membrane of an unstimulated (nonconducting) neuron is called the: The difference in electrical charge between the inside and the

A. B. A. B. C. D.

72. within them, which is called the intrapulmonary pressure, is equiv- alent to which of the following?

A. Blood pressure C. Atmospheric pressure B. Critical pressure D. Transmural pressure 73. The unpleasant sensation of difficulty in breathing is called:

A. Hypercapnea B. Hypocapnea C. Dyspnea D. Ap- nea 74. In serial extraction procedures, concerns about the eruption sequence are usually related to the eruption pattern of which per- manent teeth?

71. Relative refractory potential C. Resting membrane potential Action potential D. Absolute refractory potential Alveolar ventilation rate x (Tidal volume (Tidal volume + Dead Dead space) Respiratory space)

is expressed as: Respiratory + Dead space) Respiratory rate + space) Respiratory rate x (Tidal volume – rate - (Tidal volume – Dead

A. B. maxillary canines and first premolars C. mandibular first and second premolars mandibular first molars and incisors D. mandibular canines and first premolars When the lungs are in the resting position, the pressure

75. rior aspect of the mandibular condyle?

A. B. Intraorally C. Through the external auditory meatus Lateral to the external auditory meatus D. Any of the above. Which of the following is the best way to palpate the poste-

76. root structure is most likely to have developed? When a permanent tooth clinically emerges, how much of the A. 1⁄4 B.1/3 C.2/3 D.4/5

77. third molars is created by the: The space for the eruption of permanent mandibular second and •

apposition of the alveolar process

•

apposition at the anterior border of the ramus

•

resorption at the anterior border of the ramus

•

resoprtion at the posterior border of the ramus

78. When using an occlusal separator, a practitioner can expect which of the following types of TMJ disorders to respond most fa- vorably?

A. B.

Chronic dislocation C. Capsular fibrosis Muscle spasm D. Unilateral condylar hyperplasia

79. splinting? A. B. C. D. Primary occlusal trauma Mobility with patient discomfort Mobility with a decrease in tissue quality, secondary to hor- monal imbalance Mobility related to a unilateral “skid” from centric relation to centric occlusion Which of the following is the most likely indication for

80. found in the primary dentition?

B. C. D. E. Central incisor, lateral incisor, canine, first molar, second molar Central incisor, lateral incisor, first molar, canine, second molar First molar, central incisor, lateral incisor, canine, second molar First molar, central incisor, lateral incisor, second molar, canine Which of the following eruption sequences is most commonly

81. results in the mandible:

83. A. B. A. B. A. B. closing C. opening with translation retruding D. opening without translation E. protruding Contraction of the posterior fibers of the temporalis muscle

82. synchronizing the movement of the condyle and the articular disc is the: The muscle of mastication that is primarily responsible for Masseter C. internal pterygoid (medial pterygoid) Temporalis D. external pterygoid (lateral pterygoid) Which among the permanent molars develops from 5 lobes? maxillary 1st C. mandibular 1st maxillary 2nd D. mandibular 2nd E. third mo- lars

84. tween which posterior cusp inclines? In a protrusive condylar movement, interferences can occur beInclines of maxillary A. Mesial

B. Distal C. Mesial D. Distal Inclines of mandibular Distal Mesial Mesial Distal 85. Speech problems associated with cleft lip and palate are usu- ally the result of: •

poor tongue control that produces lisping.

•

The inability of soft palate to close air flow into the nasal

area.

87. A. B. E. A. B. C. D. E. mylohyoid and geniohyoid C. mylohyoid and genioglossus mylohyoid and buccinator D. geniohyoid and genioglossus buccinator and genioglossus The axial surfaces of teeth that have a rhomboidal outline? Mesial and distal of maxillary posterior teeth

Mesial and distal of mandibular posterior teeth Lingual of maxillary posterior teeth Buccal of maxillary posterior teeth Buccal of mandibular posterior teeth

C. D. E. The inability of the tongue to close air flow from the epi- glottis Missing teeth that make formation of articulation sounds by the tongue difficult. Poor lip musculature or heavy scars in the lips that limit vowel sound production.

86. detaches all or part of which muscles? When lowering the floor of the mouth of a patient, a dentist

88. referred to as:

89. A. B. A. B. clinical crown C. clinical root anatomic crown D. Anatomic root E. both A & B Which muscle plays an subsidi...