Anatomy chapter 1 notes PDF

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This is the complete notes for the chapter 1/3 in the first unit test....

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Necessary life functions: -Maintaining boundaries (internal vs. external environment) -Movement -Responsiveness/excitability (sense changes and respond)) -Digestion -Metabolism -Excretion -Reproduction -Growth Survival needs:nutrients,oxygen,water, normal body temp Homeostasis: maintaining stable internal internal conditions despite outside stimuli Positive feedback: bodies response helps the original result Negative feedback: bodies response is opposite original resp. Body terms: Axial: main axis: head,neck,trunk Appendicular: appendages,limbs Regional: specific areas in body Median (midsagittal) plane: groin&up Frontal (cornal): front back back split Transverse: cut at the waist Oblique sections: cuts made diagonally Cavities: dorsal: nervous system organs__ Cranial: skull, Bertal: spinal cord Ventral: thoracic: heart/lungs Pleural(lung),pericardial(heart) Abdominopelvic: Abdominal: stomach intestines, spleen, liver Pelvic: urinary bladder, reproductive Membranes in ventral: serosa(serous membrane): thin, double layered Parietal serosa: lines cavity walls Visceral serosa: covers organs Serous fluid: secreted by both membranes 9 regions in a row left to right: right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac Body parts: Cephalic: head area Frontal, orbital, nasal, buccal, oral. Mental (chin) Cervical (neck), thoracic: Sternal, axillary,mammary Abdominal, umbilical, pubic Upper limb: acromial, brachial, antecubital, olecranal, antebrachial, carpal

Hand: coxal, femoral, patellar, popliteal Cruel, sural, fibular(peroneal) Foot: trsal, calcaneal, metatarsal, digital, plantar, hallux Back going down: otic, occipital, cervical, scapular, vertebral, lumbar, sacral, gluteal, perineal gross: large body structures, regional: all structions in one region, systemic: body system, surface: internal body Atoms → molecules→ organelles → cells → tissues → organs → organ systems → organisms

Proximal: closer Distal: further Lateral: away from midline Medial: closer to midline Superficial: closer to surface Deep: further from the surface, more internal Anterior: towards the front Posterior: towards the back Superior: Towards the head Inferior: towards the bottom Cephalic: AKA: superior and cranial Caudal: AKA: inferior Ventral: AKA: anterior Dorsal: AKA: posterior...