Anatomy-Mnemonics PDF

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Anatomy and Physiology lecture notes -> some helpful mnemonics to help you study...

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Mnemonics for Week 1 Supination vs. Pronation "SOUPination": Supination is to turn your arm palm up, as if you are holding a bowl of soup. "POUR-nation": Pronation is to turn your arm with the palm down, as if you are pouring out whatever is in your bowl.  Alternatively, Pronation donation: Pronation is palm facing downward, as if making a donation. aDducction –adding to the body aBduction—away from body Erector spinae muscles: “I Love Standing” (from lateral to medial) Iliocostalis Longissimus Spinalis These muscles help you to stand erect. Alternatives: “I Love Sex” OR “I Long for Spinach” - “Sex” helps you think of “Erector”, but “Long” and “Spinach” help you to remember the muscles’ names. Erector spinae muscles: order Spinalis is on the spine (most medial). Iliocostalis is on the ribs (most lateral). And it's a Long (Longissimus) way between the spine and the ribs! Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament “Save The Sea Lions” Suprascapular artery and Suprascapular nerve in reference to the Superior transverse scapular ligament “Army (artery) goes over the bridge; Navy (nerve) goes under the bridge” The bridge is the Superior transverse scapular ligament Rotator cuff muscles: “SITS” (clockwise from top) Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis  A pro baseball pitcher has injured his rotator cuff muscles. As a result, he SITS out for the rest of the game, and then gets sent to the minor leagues. Axillary Artery branches: “Screw The Lawyer Save A Patient” (from proximal to distal) Superior thoracic artery or Supreme thoracic artery Thoracoacromial trunk Lateral thoracic artery Subscapular artery (branches into circumflex scapular artery and thoracodorsal artery) Anterior circumflex humeral artery Posterior circumflex humeral artery These 2 arteries anastomose.

2 Alternatives: “Some Times Life Seems A Pain” OR “Send The Lord to Say A Prayer” Thoracoacromial Trunk branches: “CAlifornia Police Department” Clavicular Acromial Pectoral Deltoid Alternative: “ABCD” - Acromial - Breast (pectoral) - Clavicular - Deltoid OR  “CAP D” - Clavicular - Acromial - Pectoral - Deltoid Serratus anterior (innervation & action): “C5-6-7 raises your wings to heaven” Say this aloud and it rhymes C567 injury causes inability to raise arm past 90 degrees up to heaven, and results in a winging of the scapula. · Long thoracic nerve (cervical roots 5, 6 & 7) innervate Serratus anterior. Serratus Anterior (innervation and artery): SALT Serratus Anterior = Long Thoracic nerve Serratus Anterior = Lateral Thoracic artery

Mnemonics for Week 2 Arm fractures: nerves affected by humerus fracture location ARM fracture: (from proximal to distal) Axillary nerve: surgical neck of humerus Radial nerve: mid shaft of humerus Median nerve: distal end of humerus Radial Nerve: muscles supplied (simplified) “BEST muscles”: Brachioradialis Extensors Supinator Triceps Elbow: muscles that flex it Three B’s Bend the elbow: Brachialis Biceps brachii

3 Brachioradialis Flexor digitorum muscles: how they insert onto fingers A little rhyme: Superficialis Splits in two To Permit Profundus Passing through Flexor digitorum superficialis flexes at PIP joint Flexor digitorum profundus flexes at PIP and DIP joint Brachioradialis: function, innervation, one relation, one attachment BrachioRadialis: Function: It’s the Beer Raising muscle, flexes elbow, strongest when wrist is oriented like holding a beer. Innervation: Breaks Rule: it’s a flexor muscle, But Radial nerve innervates it. (Radial nerve is usually for extensors) Relation: Behind it is the Radial nerve in the cubital fossa. Attachment: Attaches to the Bottom of the Radius. Anterior forearm muscles: superficial flexors There are 5 digits of your hand. Place your thumb into your palm, then lay that hand palm down on your other arm. Your 4 fingers now show distribution. Spells PFPF: Pass/Fail, Pass/Fail Pronator teres Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulnaris

Median nerve: hand muscles innervated “Meat LOAF”: Median nerve Lumbricals 1 and 2 Opponens pollicis Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis

4 Muscles of the Hand: palmar surface “All For One And One For All” · Thenar: Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis Opponens pollicis Adductor pollicis. · Hypothenar: Opponens digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi brevis Abductor digiti minimi Interossei muscles of hand: actions of dorsal vs. palmar “PAD and DAB” The Palmar interossei ADduct and the Dorsal interossei ABduct. Use your hand to dab with a pad. Lumbricals: action Lumbrical action is to hold a pea, that is to flex the metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP) and extend the interphalangeal joints (IP). When you look at the hand in this position, it makes an “L” shape, since L is for Lumbrical.

Carpal bones: "Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle": · Proximal row then distal row, both rows lateral-to-medial: Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate Alternatively: “Stop Letting Those People Touch The Cadavers Hand” Carpal bones: trapezium vs. trapezoid location TrapeziUM is by the thUMB, TrapeziOID is inSIDE.

5 Mnemonics for Week 3 Femoral triangle: NAVEL Femoral Nerve Femoral Artery Femoral Vein Empty space lymphatics Lacunar ligament Pes anserinus: Sgt. AMP Sartorius: Anterior Gracilis: Medial SemiTendinosus: Posterior Posterior compartment muscles (medial side, posterior to medial malleolus) Tom, Dick and Harry Tibialis posterior Flexor digitorum longus Posterior tibial artery Tibial nerve Flexor hallucis longus Alternatively: "Tom, Dick And Nervous Harry".  Alternatively: "Tom, Dick And Not Harry". Popliteal fossa: muscles arrangement The two Semi's go together, Semimembranosus and Semitendinosus. The Membranosus is Medial and since the two semis go together, Semitendinosus is also medial. Therefore, Biceps Femoris has to be lateral. Of the semi's, to remember which one is superficial: the Tendinosus is on Top. Inversion vs. eversion muscles in leg Second letter rule for inversion/eversion · Eversion muscles: pErineus longus pErineus brevis pErineus tertius · Inversion muscles: tIbialis anterior tIbialis posterior Leg: anterior muscles of leg "The Hospitals Are Not Dirty Places" Tibialis anterior extensor Hallucis longus Anterior tibial Artery deep fibular Nerve extensor Digitorum longus Peroneus tertius [fibularis tertius]

6 Mnemonics for Week 4 Rib costal groove: order of intercostal blood vessels and nerves VAN (from superior to inferior) Vein Artery Nerve Diaphragm innervation “C3, 4, 5 keep the diaphragm alive” Diaphragm innervation is by cervical roots 3, 4, and 5 (phrenic nerve) Lingula location: LingULa Left Upper Lobe Lung lobe numbers/Heart AV valves: right vs. left Right side: Tricuspid heart valve and tri-lobed lung Lef side: Bicuspid heart valve and bi-lobed lung Atrioventricular (AV) valves: LAB RAT Left Atrium: Bicuspid valve Right Atrium: Tricuspid Semilunar valve cusps: Aortic and pulmonary Both of them have a right and left cusp, but one has an anterior cusp and one has a posterior cusp Pulmonary trunk is anterior to the Aorta It has the anterior cusp (right, left and anterior cusps) Aorta is posterior to the pulmonary trunk It has the posterior cusp (right, left and posterior cusps) Aortic Arch: major branch order Know your ABC’S: Aortic arch gives rise to: Brachiocephalic trunk Left Common Carotid artery Left Subclavian artery  Beware of the trick question of “What is the first branch of the aorta?” Technically, it’s the coronary arteries. Coronary circulation: arteries and associated veins Small Margin: Small vein and Marginal artery Middle schoolers show Public Display of Affection (PDA): Middle Vein and Posterior Descending Artery Great LAD: Great vein and Left Anterior Descending artery CC’s: Coronary sinus and Left Circumflex artery Main Bronchi: which one is more vertical? “Inhale a bite, it goes down the right”

7  Inhaled objects are more likely to lodge into the right main bronchus, since it is the one that is more vertical.

Mnemonics for Week 5 This is actually a mnemonic from last week’s material. But this was in the textbook, First Aid for USMLE 2007 under the respiratory section. So I thought it was worth mentioning: Pulmonary artery location on each lung, in relation to the bronchi. RALS Right lung the pulmonary artery will be Anterior to the main bronchi. Left lung the pulmonary artery is located S uperior to the main bronchi. Remember the bronchi have cartilage so they should be easy to identify. Diaphragm apertures: spinal levels “I 8 10 Eggs At 12” (read this as “I ate ten eggs at twelve” if it doesn’t look right to you) Interior Vena Cava T8 T10 Esophagus Aorta  T12 Posterior mediastinum contents: DATES Descending aorta Azygous and hemiazygous vein Thoracic duct Esophagus Sympathetic trunk/ganglia External carotid artery branches “Some Angry Lady Figured Out PMS” Superior thyroid artery Ascending Pharyngeal artery Lingual artery Facial artery Occipital artery Posterior auricular artery Maxillary artery Superficial Temporal artery  Alternative: As Steve Lay Frozen Olive Palpated Some More Tetralogy of Fallot- 4 findings “PROVE” Pulmonary trunk stenosis Right ventricular hypertrophy Overriding aorta VSD

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Mnemonics for Week 6 Branches of the Facial Nerve (after stylomastoid foramen) "Tell Ziggy Bob Marley Called" · From superior to inferior: Temporal branch Zygomatic branch Buccal branch Mandibular branch Cervical branch · Alternatively: “Two Zebras Bit My Cheek” The motor branches of the facial nerve go through the parotid gland V3: Sensory Branches BAIL Buccal Auriculotemporal Inferior alveolar Lingual Face muscles: large muscle groups’ cranial innervation Mandibular nerve (CN V3): Mastication. Facial nerve (CN VII): Facial expression. Foramen spinosum: location on base of skull Foramen spinosum is adjacent to the spine of sphenoid. Scalp nerve supply GLASS: Greater occipital/ Greater auricular Lesser occipital Auriculotemporal Supratrochlear Supraorbital Cavernosum sinus contents

9 O TOM CAT: O TOM are lateral wall components, in order from superior to inferior. CA are the components within the sinus, from medial to lateral. CA ends at the level of T from O TOM. · See diagram. Occulomotor nerve (III) Trochlear nerve (IV) Ophthalmic nerve (V1) Maxillary nerve (V2) Carotid artery (internal) Abducent nerve (VI) T: When written, connects to the T of OTOM.

Skull Bones: "STEP OF 6 " Sphenoid Temporal Ethmoid Parietal Occipital Frontal 6 skull bones Mnemonics for Week 7 Orbit: bones of medial wall: My Little Eye Sits in the orbit Maxilla (frontal process) Lacrimal Ethmoid Sphenoid (body) Extraocular muscles cranial nerve innervation: LR6SO4 rest 3 Lateral Rectus is 6th Superior Oblique is 4th

10 Rest are all 3rd cranial nerve (CN III: oculomotor)

Extraocular muscles: movements Obliques cause Lateral rotation (abduction) of eyeball Actions of the oblique muscles are opposite to their name Actions of the recti muscles are rightly fitting their name Relationship of lingual nerve and submandibular duct The duck lies over the lake Submandibular duct is passes on top of the lingual nerve (The lingual nerve courses laterally, inferiorly then medial to the submandibular duct.)

Mnemonics for Week 8 Celiac trunk branches Lef Hand Side (LHS): Lef gastric artery Hepatic artery common Splenic artery Oblique muscles: direction of external vs. internals External obliques: points toward your “external parts” Internal obliques: points toward your “internal soul” Alternatively: External obliques: Hands in your pockets; down and towards the midline Internal obliques: right angles to external obliques Note: “oblique” tells that it must be going at an angle. Retroperitoneal organs (major): AC/DC Rocker Kids Party Down Ascending Colon Descending Colon Rectum Kidneys Pancreas Duodenum Doesn’t distinguish between primary and secondarily retroperitoneal.  Secondarily retroperitoneal organs: AC/DC Party Down Ascending Colon Descending Colon Pancreas Duodenum Retroperitoneal structures list: SAD PUCKER Suprarenal glands

11 Aorta & IVC Duodenum Pancreas Ureters Colon (ascending & descending) Kidneys Esophagus Rectum Nerves of the posterior abdominal wall: Some Idiots Ignore Lab F’s Given Out Subcostal n Iliohypogastric n Ilioinguinal n Lateral Femoral Cutaneous n Femoral n Genitofemoral n Obturator n

Mnemonics for Week 9 Layers of the Testis: (from superficial to deep) Some Damn Englishmen Called It The Testis Skin Dartos muscle External spermatic fascia Cremaster muscle Internal spermatic fascia Tunica vaginalis Testis Alternative: Scrotum layers “Some Days Eddie Can Irritate People Very Thoroughly”: Skin Dartos layer External spermatic fascia Cremaster muscle Internal spermatic fascia Parietal tunica vaginalis Visceral tunica vaginalis Tunica albuginea Penis: spinal level innervation “S2, 3, 4 keep the penis off the floor”: • Alternatively: “S2, 3, 4 make a mess on the floor”. Penis innervated by pudendal nerve branches, derived from spinal cord levels S2-4....