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OptimiseOptimise B2 Teacher’s Resource Centre © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2017.THINK | RESEARCH | CULTURE | LEARN | METHINK | RESEARCH | CULTURE | LEARN | MEUNIT 1Pages 4–READINGExercise 11 Students’ own answers 2 actor, actress, director, producer, make-up artist, camera operator, etc.Exercise 2...

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UNIT 1 Pages 4–5 READING Exercise 1 1 Students’ own answers 2 actor, actress, director, producer, make-up artist, camera operator, etc.

Exercise 2 Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3 Paragraph 4 Paragraph 5 Paragraph 6 Paragraph 7

c) g) a) f) d) e) b)

Exercise 3 A They B This, it, they C It’s, they D its E They, them F he G You’ll, you, you

Exercise 4 1 F (Nobody can do it for you … You’re the only one with your particular vision.) 2 D (They’re the ones who can make action movies and largescale epics.) 3 A (… and it’s easy to find advice and information on courses online.) 4 G (And you have to learn to work with what you’ve got … ‘No matter where you are located on this earth, you can film.’) 5 B (test screen your film …That doesn’t mean you have to change your vision to keep people happy.) 6 E (Film festivals and competitions are a great way to do this … get feedback on what is successful) Sentence C is not needed

Exercise 5 blockbuster (n): a very successful film budget (n): the amount of money a person or organisation has to spend on something cast (n): all the performers in a film determined (adj): not willing to let anything prevent you from doing

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what you have decided to do enrol (v): officially register as a student on a course epic (n): a style of large-scale film-making on a big budget, often focused on a heroic character messing around (phr v): behaving in a relaxed way overcome (v): succeed in dealing with a problem or difficulty special effects (n): an illusion created for films by props, camerawork, computer graphics, etc. trailer (n): extract from a film used for advance publicity willing (adj): ready to do something THINK | RESEARCH | CULTURE | LEARN

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Students’ own answers

Page 6 GRAMMAR 1 Grammar in context 1 Many young film-makers enrol on a course to learn the basic skills, 2 It’s easy to find advice and information on courses online. 3 They provide a fantastic opportunity to see your work on the big screen and get feedback on what is successful.

Exercise 1 countable: leisure activity, book, house, table uncountable: baggage, clothes, entertainment, equipment, knowledge, money, music, news, trousers both: coffee (c: a cup of coffee, uc: the substance / a coffee), film (c: a movie, uc: the substance / a film), glass (c: a container made of glass, uc: the substance / a glass), interest (c: a hobby, uc: the abstract idea / an interest), metal (c: an example, such as gold, etc., uc: the substance / a metal), time (c: an occasion, one occurrence of something, uc: the abstract idea / a time), truth (c: a fact that is believed by most people to be true, uc: the abstract idea / a truth)

Exercise 2 1 I went to a great show at the theatre last week with a group of friends.

2 Music is a big part of my life and I like listening to the latest tracks on the radio. 3 Lisa saw a great interview on the internet with a local TV presenter. 4 Would you prefer to be an actor or a musician, or does working in entertainment not interest you? 5 The way we get our entertainment is changing quickly and lots of people watch films online now. 6 I’d rather go to the cinema and see a movie than stay at home and watch a programme on TV.

Exercise 3 1 a 2 a 3 a 4 the 5 – / the 6 a 7 the 8 the 9 – 10 a 11 – 12 – 13 an THINK |

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Students’ own answers

Page 7 VOCABULARY Exercise 1 Answers/Audioscript TV: broadcast, channel, on demand, programme, reality show, satellite, series, sitcom, viewer cinema: box office, flop, release, screenplay both: audience, cast, credits, director Meanings: audience (n): a group of people who have come to a place to see or hear a film, performance, speech, etc. box office (n): the place in a theatre where you buy tickets broadcast (v): to send out messages or programmes to be received by radios or televisions cast (n): all the performers in a film, play, etc. channel (n): a television station and the programmes that it broadcasts credits (n): a list of people involved in the making of a film or television programme that is shown at the end or beginning of it director (n): someone who is in charge of making a film or programme, or getting a play ready for performance flop (n): a complete failure

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on demand (adj): programmes available via the internet, usually after they have been transmitted, to watch at your leisure programme (n): a television or radio broadcast reality show (n): a television programme that does not use professional actors but shows real events and situations involving ordinary people release (v): to make a film, game, album, etc. available for people to see or buy satellite (adj): television programmes that are sent to your television using satellite communications screenplay (n): a story someone writes for a film series (n): a set of television or radio programmes that are all about a particular subject, person or group of people sitcom (n): a television or radio series about a particular group of characters who deal with situations in a humorous way viewer (n): someone who is watching, or who watches, television programmes

Exercise 2 1 released 2 sitcom / reality show 3 flop 4 credits 5 viewers 6 box office 7 on demand 8 director

Exercise 3 Answers/Audioscript 1 What time does the new reality show come on? I don’t want to miss it. 2 Jen’s just going to chill out this weekend and watch a few episodes of her favourite TV series. ✓ 3 In last week’s drama class we started acting out a new play. ✓ 4 This programme is boring. Why don’t you turn over and see what else is on? 5 My schoolwork takes up so much time that I don’t really watch much TV. ✓

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6 Tim likes to hang out with his friends at the weekend and play video games. 7 I sat through the film all the way to the end, even though I really wasn’t enjoying it. ✓

were a bit curious …)

Exercise 4 Answers/Audioscript 1 have/take a break 2 have a good time 3 make a difference 4 have/take a holiday 5 have/take time off work 6 do nothing all day 7 make an effort 8 take part in 9 do someone a favour 10 do your best 11 have work to do 12 take your time THINK | RESEARCH

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Students’ own answers

Page 8 LISTENING Exercise 1 1 left-hand photo: someone juggling, right-hand photo: someone unicycling 2 Students’ own answers

Exercise 2 Suggested answers 1 his family, his parents, his mum, his dad, his school, his teacher 2 money, sleep, time 3 good-looking, clever, friendly

Exercise 3 15 21 3 10, 1 48 57 6 2, 7 7 9, 2 84 93 10 6

Exercises 4 and 5 1 one of his relatives / a relative (I went to see [a circus] with one of my relatives when I was 11.) 2 curious (None of my family knew anything about the circus, so they Optimise B2 Teacher’s Resource Centre © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2017. This sheet may be photocopied and used within the class.

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3 (physical) strength (You need physical strength for some of the skills, and I didn’t have much at the beginning!) 4 running (I found that running helped. It was something that my circus skills teacher advised me to take up.) 5 slowly (When you’re learning a new routine, I find it helps to do it slowly at first. … Then you can do it faster …) 6 the streets (I like to try a new routine out on people, maybe with a short performance in the streets. People love to see someone doing a few tricks while they’re out shopping.) 7 encouraging (I was really nervous for my first ever

Exercise 3 I’ve got a [some] really exciting news! I’ve finally got my drone! For those of you who don’t know, drone flying is becoming really popular. In the past, little [few] people had drones, but now more and more of my friends are getting them – including me! My friend and I are going out this weekend to try it out and neither [neither of] us can wait! Of course, you have to remember few [a few] things if you’re going to fly a drone. Safety is very important, so make sure you can see your drone at all of [all] times. Also, remember that privacy is important to a lots [a lot / lots] of people, so don’t fly over people’s gardens or crowded places taking photos. I’ll post pics here when I get it up in the air! THINK

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Student’s own answers

Page 10 SPEAKING Exercise 1 1 Jonathan has about 25 hours of free time per week. Sammy has about 30 hours of free time per week. Nina has about 25 hours of free time per week. Katie has about 15 hours of free time per week.

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performance and I’m sure lots of things went wrong. But people were really encouraging …) 8 juggle (I’m getting ready to learn a new skill … If I can juggle) 9 interesting (That’s one of the hardest parts for a lot of performers) 10 a clown (That would let me use everything I know. And there’s no feeling like making people laugh.) THINK | RESEARCH | CULTURE

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Grammar in context 1b2c

Exercise 1 1 some 2 a few 3 lots of 4 neither of 5 None of 6 Each 7 Both / Both of 8 all

Exercise 2 ME

Students’ own answers

Page 9 GRAMMAR 2 2 Jonathan does more outdoor activities. Sammy does a mix of outdoor and indoor activities. Nina does more indoor activities. Katie does more indoor activities. 3 Two of the people, Sammy and Katie, watch TV on demand.

1 have much 2 ’s/is only a little time 3 does not / doesn’t have many 4 Neither of us likes 5 gave me a bit of 6 a few / a few of my friends

Exercise 3 Students’ own answers

Exercise 4 1 normal 2 On 3 least 4 average 5 usual/normal, involves

Exercise 5 Students’ own answers

Exercise 2

Exercise 6

Expressions that you hear on the video: In an average week [Melissa 01:15], In general I [Jonathan 02:10], I don’t often go because [Jonathan 02:15], quite often [Sammy 02:27], My normal routine involves [Katie 03:00], at least three times a month [Nina 04:36], I never [Katie 04:22, 04:53]

Students’ own answers

Page 11 USE OF ENGLISH Exercise 1 1 (un)pleasant, (un)pleasurable, apparent, (un)impressive, existing 2 popular: (un)popularity, late: lateness 3 appear (appearance), exist (existence)

Exercise 2 1 pleasure 2 appearance 3 impressive 4 existence 5 popularity 6 decisions 7 endless 8 latest

Exercise 3 1 2, 5 24 38 4 1, 3, 6, 7

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1 in 2 takes 3 make 4 an 5 out 6 take 7 do 8 few

2 Using some special equipment and practising tricks such as walking on the rope. 3 It’s fun with friends / you get to talk to people about it.

Pages 12–13 WRITING Exercise 1 1 The person is slacklining. 2 Students’ own answers

Exercise 2 Suggested answers 1 Doing tricks on a rope between two trees.

Students’ own answers

Exercise 4

Exercise 2

Suggested answer Have you ever wondered how slacklining began? Well, it all started with tightrope walking, which was often a part of circus shows. In the 1970s, climbers started slacklining as a fun way of improving their balance. The hobby caught on and soon people started doing impressive tricks.

Students should tick: 1, 2, 4, 6, 8

Students’ own answers

Exercise 7 Students’ own answers

Exercise 8

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READING Exercise 1

Exercise 6

1 B (… just as they should be feeling sleepy) 2 C (also experienced some sleep deprivation … Greg Dickson, 16, is a prime example) 3 B (either didn’t improve or actually fell behind) (Point out to students that option A is true, but it’s not what the experiment is designed to show) 4 D (the brain consolidates and practises what has been learnt while you’re asleep) 5 C (often called ‘the sleep hormone’) 6 D (… you shouldn’t sleep until

Pages 14-15

1 b 2 a 3 b and c

Students’ own answers

Exercise 4

UNIT 2

Exercise 3

Exercise 5

experienced sleep deprivation too, and they ‘were much more likely to need more than an hour to fall asleep, and were also more likely to sleep several hours less each night’. 4 start – If melatonin is a hormone that causes sleep and darkness affects melatonin production, it’s most likely that darkness causes or leads to the production of melatonin rather than stopping it being produced.

Students’ own answers

noon on a Saturday. That simply confuses the body.)

Page 16 GRAMMAR 1 Grammar in context 1 present simple questions: What do you do in the hour …? / How many hours’ sleep do you get …? / Do you wake up …? / But how does this lack of sleep affect learning? present simple negatives: I don’t feel like going to sleep after that. / And I really don’t feel like getting up the next morning 2 past simple negative: didn’t improve past simple irregular forms: students were taught a series of skills (passive) / and then slept for various lengths of time / more accurate they became / who then had a good sleep / who got less than / or actually fell behind

Exercise 3 Suggested answers 1 not allowing – If something is forbidden, it’s not allowed. From the context, we can see that it’s talking about ‘9 or 10 pm’ when they ‘should be feeling sleepy’ but aren’t. 2 awake – We’re told it’s ‘hard for parents to stay awake’ and this is contrasted with the teens with the phrase ‘just when’, meaning the teens are wide awake. 3 not getting enough sleep – It says the teens who used electronic devices also experienced sleep deprivation. The word ‘also’ shows us the previous teens

Exercise 1 1 is, learn 2 went, enjoyed 3 don’t usually stand 4 didn’t you come, Were you 5 says 6 starts, don’t like, we’re/we are

Exercise 2 1 used to wear 2✓ 3 Did you use 4 never used to like 5 I’m really used to doing 6 I’m still getting used to doing

Exercise 3 1 are 2 to 3 not 4 were 5 were 6 did 7 was

Page 17 VOCABULARY Exercise 1 Answers/Audioscript

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1 This allows you to do something, such as drive a car. licence 2 This is a piece of paper showing you’ve achieved something. certificate 3 This is a course of study that you take at university. degree 4 We’ve got a test tomorrow so I’m going to revise tonight. 5 Jason’s going to take his first guitar exam next month even though we’re not sure he’ll pass. 6 This person teaches at a university. lecturer 7 This person trains a sports player or team. coach 8 This person teaches you how to do something, such as drive a car. instructor 9 This person has successfully completed a course at university. graduate 10 This person is studying at university. undergraduate

Exercise 2 Answers/Audioscript 1 If you don’t know a word, look it up in a dictionary. discover/find

2 I want to set up a computer- coding club at school. create 3 Alex crept up behind Jake while he was doing his homework and surprised him. approach 4 There’s only five minutes left, so hurry up! increase (speed) 5 Laura thought up a ridiculous excuse about why she hadn’t written her essay. create 6 When a student returns after being ill, they have to catch up with the rest of the class. approach 7 Go online and see what information you can dig up about the Romans for the class project. discover/find 8 I was going to do my presentation just on Antarctica, but I ended up doing it on the Arctic as well. finish/complete 9 Speak up, Simon! We can’t hear you at the back. increase (volume) 10 Who’s used up all the glue? There’s none left! finish/complete

Exercise 3

Page 18 LISTENING

4

Exercise 1 Students’ own answers

Exercise 2 1A 2D 3A 4P 5D

5

Exercise 3 Questions 1, 3, 6, 8

6

Exercises 4 and 5 1 C (You can’t fault the instructor though. … No, not at all. She was great. Really kind, helpful and knowledgeable.) 2 C (I reckon you’ll like their winter weekend drama course – it’s just your thing. I think they even put on a show at the end.) 3 B (One thing’s for sure – it’s always been a lot easier in the past. … no doubt about that. This

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Answers/Audioscript 1 My brother’s just qualified as a nurse and we’re all really proud. 2 There’s nothing wrong with deciding you don’t want to go to university. 3 I’m going to quit the swimming team for a while as I have to concentrate on my studies. 4 Warren’s decided against becoming a pilot and now wants to be a surgeon. 5 How interested are you in watching a documentary about archaeology? 6 We need to find someone who’s experienced in teaching young children. 7 If you don’t pay attention to anything I say, you’re not going to learn anything! 8 All his explanation succeeded in doing was to confuse me further. 9 The new education laws were criticised for not addressing the problem of class sizes in secondary schools. 10 I’m so bored of/with doing homework – I can’t wait to meet my friends afterwards.

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time last year they all came out with big smiles on their faces.) B (… the children will be performing for free every Sunday evening for the next month in the town hall. It would be great if some of your listeners could come along and support.) A (I wouldn’t exactly say dad taught me, but he really did encourage me to try to work it out for myself, and I’ll never forget that.) C (I’m really not convinced we’ll get it all done in two evenings though. It’s the whole year’s notes. It’s pages and pages! … No need to worry. I’ve got a plan.) B (Well, we’ve now counted all the money we brought in, and you should all be very proud of yourselves as it’s a fantastic £3,000 – far more than last year. So very, very well done everyone.) A (I guess we need to have the exact costs before we ask them, …

Yeah – let’s get that tomorrow.)

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he doesn’t have to learn anything.

Page 19 GRAMMAR 2 Grammar in context 1 Because it’s a completed action where what’s important is the present result. 2 To show that the learning happened even further back in the past than the moment in the past when the speaker ‘couldn’t wait’.

Exercise 1 1 (has) decided, has just bought 2 had read 3 has ever failed 4 had not been, realised, was not, (had) thought 5 have looked 6 (had) wanted, (has) changed

Exercise 2 Expressions that you hear on the video: I’m sorry but I don’t agree because [Richard 01:08], Me neither [Richard 02:13], So do I [Bella 02:33], But don’t you think that…? [Charlie 2:51], You’ve got a point, but [Charlie 03:29], I agree because [Meg 03:37]

Exercise 2 1 ever 2 since 3 before 4 yet/already, just 5 yet 6 so 7 never 8 still

Exercise 3 Students’ own answers

Exercise 4 Students’ own answers

Exercise 3

Exercise 5

1 have 2 had 3 ever 4 has 5 have 6 since 7 flown/sent/taken/carried/ transported, etc. 8 had THINK | RESEARCH | CULTURE

Meg prefers trips where you can learn things which help you in your exams. Charlie prefers activity trips where you can be challenged. 3 Bella and Richard say that you ca...