A&P Ch2 HW - Basic Chemistry PDF

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Basic Chemistry...

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Chapter 2 Why is a denatured enzyme no longer functional?

The process of denaturing an enzyme causes a change in its amino acid sequence. A denatured protein has lost its normal three-dimensional shape; if that protein is an enzyme, denaturing can change the shape of its active site. Denaturing causes a functional protein like an enzyme to change into a structural protein. A denatured protein is broken down into single amino acids. An amino acid cannot function as an enzyme. Choose the best description for the term molecule.

a mixture of atoms of the same element two or more atoms combined chemically a mixture of atoms of different elements A compound is defined as __________.

a molecule composed of two or more elements a chemical reaction between two elements a mixture of two or more elements What is the number of neutrons in an atom with atomic mass of 35, three energy levels, and 7 valence electrons?

7 1 7 1 8 3

5

What is the most accurate description of C6H12O6?

C6H12O6 is an element. C6H12O6 is a compound. C6H12O6 is a molecule of an element. C6H12O6 is an acid. Which statement best describes energy?

It does not have mass or occupy space. It has mass and occupies space. It exists in a solid, liquid, or gaseous state. All living things are built of energy. What organic molecule provides an immediate source of chemical energy within all cells?

triglyceride adenosine triphosphate glycogen glucose Select the best answer. Which of these statements reflects the relationship between elements, atoms, and chemical symbols?

Elements are composed of atoms.

Atoms are composed of elements. All atoms have a unique chemical symbol.

An atomic symbol is __________.

a model of an atom a one- or two-letter abbreviation for an atom a one- or two-letter abbreviation for an element Which of these is a chemical symbol?

carb C carbo n What type of chemical reaction is used by liver cells when synthesizing glycogen from glucose?

hydrolysis exchange reaction decomposition reaction dehydration synthesis Which of the properties of water is most closely associated with the body's ability to maintain a relatively constant internal temperature?

chemical reactivity

high heat capacity cushioning universal solvent

Formation of hydrogen bonds requires hydrogen atoms and what else? View Available Hint(s) Formation of hydrogen bonds requires hydrogen atoms and what else?

water polar covalent bonds ionic bonds oxygen Which of the following correctly ranks the types of chemical bonds, in order, from strongest to weakest?

covalent, ionic, hydrogen ionic, hydrogen, covalent hydrogen, covalent, ionic hydrogen, ionic, covalent Which of the following distinguishes hydrogen bonds from covalent bonds?

Only ionic bonds can form within molecules. Only hydrogen bonds can form between molecules. Only covalent bonds can form between molecules. Only hydrogen bonds can form within molecules. Which of the following is not a result of hydrogen bonds?

Some hair is straight, some wavy, and some very curly. Two strands of DNA are linked together taking a shape similar to a ladder. Two hydrogen atoms join together to form a molecule of hydrogen gas. An enzyme has a unique shape that allows it to bond only with specific molecules. In a covalent bond,

An atom gains one or more electrons from another atom to gain stability. Adjacent atoms share a single electron. An atom loses electrons to another to gain stability. Atoms share one or more pairs of electrons. Covalent bonds:

involve the sharing of one to three pairs of electrons. always result in equal distribution of electrons between the atoms. involve the sharing of 8 pairs of electrons. always result in slight electrical charges at different atoms. Which of the following is true of polar covalent bonds?

They are rather weak bonds. Electrons are shared equally. The same number of electrons are gained by one atom as are lost by another. The electrons are shared unequally. A molecule of water (H2O) is formed by what type of bond?

polar covalent bonds weak bonds nonpolar covalent bonds ionic covalent bonds What is an ion?

an atom that is sharing electrons with another atom an atom that has lost one or more neutrons an atom that loses all of its protons an atom that has either gained or lost electron(s) How do ions form ionic bonds?

Ions of opposite electrical charges are attracted to each other to balance the charges. One atom swaps all of its negative electrons for all of the other atom’s positive protons. Two atoms come together to share their electrons. Ions of the same type are drawn together because they are attracted to their own kind. Calcium’s atomic number is 20. It forms ions with 18 electrons. What is the electrical charge of a calcium ion?

–1 +1 –2 +2 When an ionic bond forms, which part(s) of the atoms are directly involved?

the outermost electrons the protons both the protons and the electrons the neutrons

Which of these events occurs when salts dissolve in body fluids?

They stay bonded to each other. They easily dissociate into their ions. They crystallize into bone. A salt is an ionic compound containing cations other than hydrogen and anions other than the hydroxyl ion. In writing the formula for a salt, the symbol of the cation is listed first, and the symbol for the anion is listed second. Which one of these is a salt?

NaOH CaPO4 HCl Cl2Ca

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Iron : transports oxygen inside red blood cells.

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Potassium : is the major intracellular cation.

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Chlorine : is the most abundant extracellular anion.

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Calcium : is found in bones and teeth, and it is required for blood clotting.

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Sodium : is the major extracellular cation.

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What ion is found in bone, nucleic acids, and ATP?

calcium phosphorou s potassium

Which of the following choices describes the structure of a nucleotide found in DNA?

ribose sugar, nitrogen-containing base, phosphate group deoxyribose sugar, nitrogen-containing base, phosphate group deoxyribose sugar and nitrogen-containing base ribose sugar, nitrogen-containing base, three phosphate groups Which of these determines the chemical behavior of an atom?

total number of electrons number of neutrons

atomic mass electrons in the valence shell...