AP Gov Court Cases PDF

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Summaries of important court cases for AP US Government. Notes on how these cases set precedent or why they were important....

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Fed 10 and Brutus No. 1 -

Federalist v Antiferderalist Federalist - support constitution Antifederalist - don’t want to sign - Same argument two different ways

Fed 10: Madison - Superiority of larger public and controlling the mischief of faction - Dispersing power between state & gov Linkage institutions: parties may organize activities to identify supporters and get out the vote - public preferences are placed on the government’s agenda AP GOV COURT CASES Madbury V Madison - Midnight judges from the Adams adminstration - Supereme Court ruled they could not enforce the appointment - Supereme Court established Judicial Review McCulloch v Maryland (1819) -

Maryland was taxing a branch of the Bank of the US (BUS) BUS sued Maryland Supreme Court declared a state cannot tax a federal institution Federal government is supreme over states

Gibbons V Ogden (1824) -

Case dealing with interstate trade Supreme court ruled that congress, NOT states could control interstate trade Fed > states

Dred Scott V. Sanford (1857) - Scott sued for his freedom (slave) - SC: AA not citizens - Slaves deemed property - Congress could not legislate slavery in terrotories - Missouri Comprise = unconstitutional Reynlods V US (1879) -

Banned polygamy SC: not all relgious activities protected by 1st amend.

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Religion does not legalize an otherwise illegal act

Plessy V Ferguson (1896) -

Homer plessy challenged Jim Crow *Seperate but equal* South will focus more on separate not equal - Overturned by Brown v Board

Schneck V US (1919) -

Schneck spoke out against WWI and the draft, was arrested Ruling: *clear and present danger* - During times of war and crisis, civil liberties decrease

Korematsu v US (1944) - Uphold FDR jap. Intermitenent - No evidence of any people spying - Impact: during times of war liberties decrease Brown V BOE (1954) -

Declared school segregation unconstitutional (14th amendment) Milestone in civil rights movement Led to southern resistance -> shutting down schools

Mapp v Ohio (1961) -

Criminal’s house searched without warrant, found incriminating material Impact: exclusionary rule; cannot use illegally obtained evidence in court

Engle v. Witale (1961) -

SC declared school sacntioned prayer unconstitutional in public schools Impact: - Reinforced separation of church and state of establishment clause

Gideon v Wainwright (1962) - Clarence Gideon was convicted of burglary - He could not afford an attorney, was denied one by florida - Impact: incorporation of 6th amednemtn (right to attorney) for states - Becomes part of miranda rights Grisworld v Connecticut (1965)

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Connecticut law banning contraception was unconstitutional Impact: “right to privacy”

Mirand v Arizona -

Miranda confessed to rape Wasnt told the 5th Impact: suspect must be read of mirand rights + incorp of 5th

Lemon v Kurtzman (1971) -

Aid cant be used for religious activities school/promote religion

Roe v. Wade (1973) -

Legalized abortion Impact: “right to privacy” from griswold v conteicutt used Restrictions, but abortion is lefal - P. parenthood v casey: - 24 hour waiting period before abortion is legal - Minors need to inform parents Regents of UC v Bakke -

UC davis had racial quotas for admisison seats, lower standards Bakke applied did not get accepted bc lower standards - Sued for discrimination - SC: no quota system allowed

NJ v TLO (1985) -

Search and seizure of a student in public high school Impact: SC ruled that seizure was not a violation of the 4th

Texas v. Johnson (1989) -

Johnson brought gun to highschool and burnt american flag Impact: SC stated flag burning was supported by 1st amendment

Citizens United v FEC -

Pac spending freedom of speech Super PACS...