A&P Review for ANS PDF

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Multiple Choice and Short Answer questions that reviews content from the ANS lecture. Gives the correct answer....

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1. A subdivision of the nervous system that regulates involuntary effectors is the _____ nervous system. A. somatic B. peripheral C. central D. autonomic 2. The two efferent divisions of the autonomic nervous system are the A. somatic and sensory divisions. B. sympathetic and somatic divisions. C. sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. D. peripheral and central divisions. 3. The enteric nervous system is made up of a complex network of nerve plexuses that control the visceral effectors in the A. intestinal wall. B. urinary bladder. C. thoracic cavity. D. skeletal muscles. 4. Dendrites and cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the A. brain stem and sacral portion of the spinal cord. B. sympathetic ganglia. C. gray matter of the thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord. D. ganglia close to the effectors. 5. The preganglionic fiber of the sympathetic nervous system branches along which pathway(s)? A. synapses with a sympathetic postganglionic neuron B. sends ascending or descending branches through the sympathetic trunk to synapse with postganglionic neurons in other chain ganglia C. passes through one or more ganglia without synapsing D. All of these are correct. 6. The effect of sympathetic stimulation on the urinary bladder is A. relaxation. B. constriction. C. dilation. D. no effect. 7. Axon terminals of autonomic neurons release either of two neurotransmitters: A. norepinephrine and acetylcholine. B. norepinephrine and aldosterone.

C. norepinephrine and dopamine. D. acetylcholine and aldosterone. 8. Acetylcholine binds to _____ receptors. A. adrenergic B. beta C. alpha D. cholinergic 9. The action of acetylcholine is quickly terminated by its being hydrolyzed by the enzyme A. ATP synthase. B. coenzyme A. C. acetylcholinesterase. D. nucleotidase. 10. Both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are tonically active, which means they A. have opposing effects. B. continually conduct impulses to autonomic effectors. C. continually conduct impulses to the brain. D. are hydrolyzed by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. 11. Which of the following is NOT correct? A. Sympathetic preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies located in the lateral gray column of certain parts of the spinal cord. B. Sympathetic preganglionic axons pass along the dorsal root of certain spinal nerves. C. There are synapses within the sympathetic ganglia. D. Sympathetic responses are usually widespread, involving many organs. 12. Another name for the parasympathetic nervous system is A. thoracolumbar. B. craniosacral. C. visceral. D. cholinergic. 13. "Fight or flight" physiological changes include all of the following EXCEPT A. increased conversion of glycogen to glucose. B. constriction of respiratory airways. C. increased perspiration. D. dilation of blood vessels in skeletal muscles. 14. Which of the following is NOT an example of sympathetic stimulation? A. constriction of the bronchioles

B. decreased secretion of the pancreas C. constriction of the urinary sphincters D. dilation of skeletal muscle blood vessels 15. Describe an autonomic preganglionic neuron. An autonomic preganglionic neuron conducts impulses from the brainstem or spinal cord to an autonomic ganglion. Within the autonomic ganglion, the presynaptic neuron synapses with the postganglionic neuron. 16. Differentiate between the sympathetic preganglionic and postganglionic neurons in terms of length. Sympathetic preganglionic neurons tend to be short, whereas sympathetic postganglionic neurons tend to be long. 17. How do parasympathetic ganglia differ from sympathetic ganglia in terms of location? Parasympathetic ganglia tend to be farther from the CNS and near the effector. Most of the sympathetic ganglia are in the sympathetic chain ganglia, which are near the CNS. 18. Describe the actions of norepinephrine. How are these actions terminated? Norepinephrine increases the rate and strength of the heartbeat and constricts blood vessels in the skin, as well as abdominal blood vessels and blood vessels of the external genitalia. It can constrict or dilate coronary blood vessels; it dilates bronchioles and decreases peristalsis of the digestive tract. Norepinephrine constricts sphincter muscles of the digestive tract; it relaxes the bladder while constricting the urinary sphincter. It causes contraction of the reproductive ducts. It also causes dilation of pupils, relaxes ciliary muscles, and causes piloerection. It increases sweat production, decreases the secretion of saliva, decreases secretion of the pancreas, raises blood glucose levels, and stimulates epinephrine from the adrenal medulla. The action of norepinephrine is terminated in two ways. Some of the norepinephrine is carried back to the axon and broken down by the enzyme monoamine oxidase. The rest is broken down by the enzyme catechol-Omethyl transferase. 19. Describe the responses caused by acetylcholine release. How are these actions terminated? Acetylcholine causes a decrease in the rate and strength of heartbeat. It also dilates the blood vessels of the external genitalia, constricts bronchioles, and causes increased digestive tract peristalsis and relaxation of digestive tract sphincters. It causes contraction of the bladder, relaxation of the urinary sphincter, and relaxation of the reproductive ducts. Acetylcholine causes constriction of the pupils and contraction of the ciliary muscles; it increases secretion of tears and saliva, as well as pancreatic secretions. The action of

acetylcholine is terminated by hydroxylation by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. 20. Name the main types of adrenergic and cholinergic receptors. The main types of adrenergic receptors are norepinephrine alpha and beta. The main types of cholinergic receptors are acetylcholine muscarinic and nicotinic. 21. Which efferent division of the autonomic nervous system is the dominant controller of most autonomic effectors most of the time? The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is the dominant controller of most autonomic effectors most of the time....