Appendix Answers Plesha Statics 2nd edition PDF

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Even solutions to text book. Available from instructor....

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Engineering Mechanics: Statics 2e

Plesha, Gray, Costanzo

Answers to Even-Numbered Problems Chapter 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.10 1.12 1.14 1.16 1.18 1.20 1.22 1.24 1.26 1.28

Answers given in problem statement. (a) l D 13:90 m; (b) m D 9:279  105 kg; (c) F D 98:30 kN; (d) M D 10:39 kN  m. (a) l D 25:4 m; (b) m D 53:4 kg; (c) F D 11:4 kN; (d) Imass D 2:60 N  m  s2 . (a) l D 60:37 ft; (b) m D 0:2961 slug; (c) F D 476:6 lb; (d) M D 7656 in:  lb: (a) l D 60:2 in:; (b) m D 4:46 slug; (c) F D 20:1 lb; (d) M D 291 in:  lb:

(a) p D 3:63 lb=in:2 ; (b) E D 29:0  106 lb=in:2 ; (c) Iarea = 5:65 in:4 ; (d) Imass =109 in:  lb  s2 . m D 0:115 kg: gtheory D 9:822 m =s2 :

F D 2:02  1014 N: F D 0:5649 lb: (a)  D 65:7 kN=m 3 ,  D 6:70  103 kg=m 3 ; (b)  D 20:9 kN=m 3 ,  D 2:13  103 kg=m 3 ; (c)  D 0:314 kN=m 3 ,  D 32:0 kg=m 3 ; (d)  D 21:4 kN=m 3 ,  D 2:19  103 kg=m 3 . b D 7:087 in:; h1 D 23:62 in:; h2 D 19:69 in:; L D 6:562 ft; W D 3239 lb. 0:217 lb. (a)  D 0:621 rad; (b)  D 0:0188 mrad; (c)  D 266ı ; (d)  D 0:0146ı .

Chapter 2 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.10 2.12

2.14 2.16

E (a) R E (a) R (b) RE E (a) R (b) RE E (a) R

D 255 mm @ 36:0ı

; (b) RE D 1:10 kip @ 142ı

. E 88:39 N @ 241:9ı D 88:39 N @ 118:1ı , or if desired, this vector may be stated using a positive angle as RD D 138:5 mm @ 14:67ı . E 243:6 lb @ 325:2ı D 243:6 lb @ 34:80ı , or if desired, this vector may be stated using a positive angle as RD D 9:129 in: @ 100:3ı . D 6:32 m @ 71:6ı ; (b) RE D 7:21 m @ 56:3ı ; (c) RE D 17:0 m 2 @ 45:0ı ; (d) RE D 1:41 @ 45:0ı . F2 D 1035 N, R D 267:9 N.

; ;

˛ D 16:0ı or 104ı .

E D 12:14 kN @ 19:23ı , or if desired, this vector may be stated using a positive angle as (a) R R ED 12:14 kN @ 340:8ı ı E (b) R D 7:134 in: @ 76:20 . F D 1:60 kN,  D 90ı . Possible choices for F . 60◦

2 kN 30◦

a

a

2 kN sin 30◦ 3 kN

3 kN sin 60◦

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;

Engineering Mechanics: Statics 2e 2.18

(a) 364 N @ 147ı

; (b) 239 N @ 257ı

2.20

F1 D 19:28 kN, ˛ D 0ı .

Plesha, Gray, Costanzo ; (c) P D 607 N; (d) ˛ D 0ı , P D 304 N.

2.22

F1 D 246 N, ˛ D 60ı .

2.24

(a) jFEa j D 25:9 lb, jFEb j D 96:6 lb; (b) jFEa j D 29:9 lb; jFEb j D 112 lb.

2.26 2.28 2.30 2.32 2.34 2.36 2.38 2.40 2.42 2.44 2.46 2.48

FEa D 164:4 N @ 50ı

ˇD

90ı ,

, FEb D 352:5 N @ 90ı

.

FOC 0 D 200 lb.

RE D .18 {O C 35 |O/ kN.

FE D 1:60 |O kN.

E D .304 {O C 200 |O/ N; (b)RE D .53:6 {O  233 |O/ N; (c) P D 607 N; (d) ˛ D 0ı , P D 304 N. (a) R ˛ D 60ı , F1 D 246 N, FE1 D .213 {O C 123 |O/ N.

E D .15 {O  4 |O/ kN, R D 15:52 kN; (b) RE D .3 {O  28 |O / kN, R D 28:16 kN; (c) s D 0:6667; (a) R (d) RO D 0:1483 {O C 0:9889|O. (a) rEAB D .4 {O  3 |O/ m; (b) rEBA D .4 {O C 3 |O/ m; (c) uOAB D 54{O  .9:6 {O  7:2 |O/ kN; (f) FEBA D .9:6 {O C 7:2 |O/ kN. E D 549 N, RE D 549 N @ 99:8ı RE D .93:6 {O C 541 |O/ N, jRj

RE D .168:9 {O  207:0 |/ O N D 267:2 N @ 230:8ı

3 5

|O; (d) uO BA D  54 {O C

3 5

|O; (e) FEAB D

.

, R D 267:2 N.

rEAB D .3:235 {O C 12:07 |O/ m, rEB C D .2:585 {O C 1:077 |O/ m, rECD D .5:734 {O  4:015 |O/ m, rEDE D .2:236 {O  1:118 |O/ m, rEAE D .13:79 {O C 8:018 |O/ m. F2 =F1 D 1:50.

2.50

˛ D 30:65ı , RE D .735:9 {O C 436:1 |O/ lb, R D 855:4 lb.

2.52

˛ D 33:7ı , R D 6:42 kN. y Possible choices for F O R

x

8 kN A

2.54

α 12 kN

(a) Not safe; (b) Safe (the working load multiplier is 70%, determined using linear interpolation); (c) Safe (the working load multiplier is 96%, determined using linear interpolation).

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Engineering Mechanics: Statics 2e 2.56

2.58 2.60 2.62 2.64 2.66

Plesha, Gray, Costanzo

R x D 100 N, Ry D 200 N, R t D 13:40 N, R n D 223:2 N.

(a) R x D 21:61 N, Ry D 48:30 N; (b) R t D 8:375 N, R n D 52:25 N.

(a) R x D 213 N, Ry D 51:7 N; (b) R t D 187 N, R n D 114 N.

rEAB D .20 {O C 48 |O/ mm, xB D 165 mm, yB D 48 mm.

rEAC D .50 {O C 120 |O/ mm, xC D 135 mm, yC D 120 mm.

rEOA D .95 {O C 56 |O/ mm; rEOB D .68 {O C 92 |/ O mm; rEO C D .17 {O C 160 |O/ mm; xB D 68 mm; yB D 92 mm :

2.68

x D 36ı ; 144ı .

2.70

With  D x D y D ´ ,  D 54:74ı ; 125:3ı , cos  D ˙

2.72

E D .114:3 {O C 228:6 |O  157:1 k/ O N, Q O N, RE D .55:05 {O C 65:81 |O  57:14 k/ O N. FE D .59:24 {O  162:8 |O C 100 k/ O lb, Q O lb, PE D .50:0 {O  70:7 |O C 50:0 k/ O lb, E D .39:8 {O C 30:0 |O  33:4k/ FE D .4:59 {O C 26:8 |O C 12:6 k/ O lb. E D .85:2 {O  13:9 |O C 29:2 k/ R

2.74 2.76 2.78

q

1 3

D ˙ 0:5774.

O kN, Q O kN, FE D .2:12 {O C 1:50 |O C 1:50 k/ O kN, E D .2:67 {O C 2:67 |O C 1:33k/ PE D .1:33 {O C 0:766 |O C 1:29 k/ O E R D .1:87 {O C 4:93 |O C 4:12 k/ kN.

O N where O N where x D 60ı ; y D 125ı ; ´ D 50ı ; PE D .49:4 {O C 53:0 |O C 19:4 k/ FE D .12:5 {O  14:5 |O C 16:1 k/ ı ı ı ı ı O E R D .61:9 { O C 38:5 | O C 35:5 x D 48:8 ; y D 45 ; ´ D 75 ; k/ N where x D 40:3 ; y D 61:6 ; ´ D 64:0ı .

2.80

4:16 km.

2.82

(a) x D ˙ cos1 .sin h cos v /, y D ˙ cos1 .cos h cos v /, ´ D ˙ cos1 .sin v / D ˙.90ı  v /; (b) x D 75:5ı ; y D 64:3ı ; ´ D 30ı :

2.84

h D 33:7ı ; v D 59:0ı .

2.86 2.88 2.90 2.92 2.94

O cm. rEAD D .80:09 {O  150:2 |O  90:00 k/

O lb; F E EB D .44:4 {O  77:8 |O C 44:4k/O lb. FEBE D .44:4 {O C 77:8 |O  44:4k/

O lb, FE FEBA D .23:62 {O  16:24 |O  8:857 k/ BC D 1500 lb |O. O FE D .16:60 {O  24:88|O  2:262 k/ lb,FE D 1500 lb|O. BA

BC

O N. .xE ; yE ; ´E / D .80; 60; 120/ mm, FEEG D .47:1 {O C 52:9 |O C 70:6 k/

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Engineering Mechanics: Statics 2e 2.96 2.98 2.100 2.102

Plesha, Gray, Costanzo

O kN, FE D 5 kN k. O FECD D .2:4 {O C 1:8 k/ BE

O kN, FE D 5 kN k. O FECD D .0:8208 {O  2:255 |O C 1:800 k/ BE

x D cos1 .sin  cos  /, y D cos1 .sin  sin  /, ´ D .

(a) FB =FA D 1:51; (b) Spokes on side B are more severely loaded; (c) Essay-type answer.

2.104

O (a) 128ı ; (b) Ak D 4:33 lb, A? D 5:50 lb; (c) AEk D .4:04 {O C 0:578 |O  1:44 k/lb, AE? D .1:96 {O  2:58 |O C O 4:44 k/lb.

2.106

O N, AE? D .2:569 {O C (a) 145:7ı ; (b) Ak D 10:73 N, A? D 7:335 N; (c) AEk D .1:431 {O  3:578 |O C 10:02 k/ O 6:578 |O C 1:982 k/ N.

2.108 2.110 2.112 2.114 2.116 2.118 2.120 2.122 2.124 2.126 2.128 2.130 2.132 2.134

d D 5:77 cm ,  D 41:4ı .

˛ D 4:70ı , ˇ D 9:43ı , a D 12:2 in:, b D 12:0 in:.

Fk D 67:4 N, F? D 73:9 N, The bead slides toward C . Answer given in problem statement.

O kip. F D 1:79 kip, FE D .0:808 {O C 0:0659 |O  1:60 k/ F D 5:83 N.

Fk D .0:937/F , F? D .0:349/F: W D 45:0 N.

(a) Fk D 44:25 N, F? D 23:28 N; (b) Fk D 41:31 N, F? D 28:17 N. 460:0 lb.

593:5 lb: O lb, TE D .4:648 {O C 3:265 |O  7:120 k/ O lb, The bead slides toward B. TEk D .3:537 {O C 1:179 |O  1:769 k/ ? Fk D 1:71 N, F? D 60:0 N, The bead slides toward A. 86:93 km =h.

2.136

The shortest distance is 209:5 m, The point where the road is closest lies outside of segment CD.

2.138

v D .1:149/s.

2.140

51:7 mm.

2.142

12:0 in:

2.144

(a) and (b) 350 kO Nmm. O mm 2 ; (b) .120 {O C 2 |O C 26 k/ O mm 2 ; (c) Essay-type answer; (d) Answer given in problem (a) .120 {O  2 |O  26 k/ statement. O in.lb.; (b) .118 {O C 426 |O C 360 kO / in.lb.; (c) The results of Parts (a) and (b) are (a) .118 {O  426 |O  360 k/

2.146 2.148

vectors with equal magnitude but opposite direction; (d) Answer given in problem statement.

2.150

Essay-type answer.

2.152

E O D .19300 {O C 13600 |O/ in.  lb: (a) Yes; (b) M

2.154

(a) Essay-type answer; (b) uO D 0:192 {O C 0:192 |O C 0:962k;O (c) 364 cm 2 .

0:5147ı , The surface is not sufficiently level. O km/s, vE D .3:62 {O  1:95 |O C 4:11 k/ O km/s, jEvn j D 10:5 km =s; jEv t j D 5:82 km=s. 2.158 vEn D .2:92 {O  7:87 |O  6:30 k/ t 2.156

2.160

(a) Since rE1  rEAB D 0; the vectors rE1 and rEAB are perpendicular; (b) rO2 D 0:8920 {O  0:03678 |O  0:4506k;O (c) PAB D 50:55 N, P1 D 281:3 N, P2 D 958:3 N.

2.162

(a) Since rEAB  rECD D 0; the vectors rEAB and rECD are perpendicular; (b) rO D 0:8909 {O  0:4483 |O  0:07284k; O (c) PAB D 412:2 lb, PCD D 162:4 lb, Pr D 404:6 lb. NOTE: The first printing of this book has an error in the last sentence of the statement for Part (c). The force referenced in the last sentence should be 600 lb (not 50 N). This error is corrected in the second and subsequent printings of the book.

2.164

6:57 mm.

2.166

(a) and (b) 23.4 N  m.

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Engineering Mechanics: Statics 2e

Plesha, Gray, Costanzo

2.168

8:8 kN  P  4:6 kN.

2.170

E D .2:29 {O C 2:72 |O  1:45 k/ O kN; (b) TE D .2:29 {O/ kN. (a) R

2.172 2.174

The distance from point A to point B is 3058 ft and the length of the power line is 2796 ft. P? D .0:970/P , Pk D .0:243/ P .

2.176

1:672ı , The surface meets the drainage specification.

2.178

O kN, PE D .3:48 {O C 3:48 |O  4:13 k/ O kN. Pk D 7:66 kN, P? D 6:43 kN, PEk D .3:48 {O  3:48 |O  5:87k/ ?

2.180 2.182

(a) x D 125:5ı ; (b) rO D 0:2632 {O  0:7291 |O C 0:6318 k;O (c) Pr D 12:08 N.

O (a) x D 107ı , y D 114ı ; (b) 0:520 {O C 0:693 |O C 0:500 kO (or 0:520 {O  0:693 |O  0:500 k).

2.184

900 ft.

2.186

Answers given in problem statement.

Chapter 3 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.10

TAB D 217:0 lb (tension), TBC D 176:9 lb (tension), TBD D 200 lb .tension/.

TAB D 92:65 N .tension/, TBC D 54:50 N .compression/, TBD D 49:05 N .tension/. ˛ D 50ı , TAB D 128:6 lb, TBC D 153:2 lb, TBD D 200 lb. R C D RD D 31:8 lb.

(a) T1 D 251 lb, R D 141 lb; (b) T2 D 149 lb, R D 141 lb.

3.12

(a) F D 17:9 N; RA D 17:9 N; RB D 98:1 N; R D 52:2 N (b) The system is in equilibrium and blocks A and B may move with constant velocity, but they will not accelerate. (c) The system is not in equilibrium, block B will accelerate to the right, and block A will accelerate downward.

3.14

TAB D 5:13 kN, TAC D 0:340 kN.

3.16

FAB D 1580 N, FAC D 1500 N.

3.18

TAB D 259:1 N.

3.20

TAC D 2:294 lb.

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Engineering Mechanics: Statics 2e 3.22

Plesha, Gray, Costanzo

(a) TAB D 175 N; (b) TCD D TCE D 109 N; (c) Essay-type answer.

3.24

TAB C D 169:8 N, R D 268:8 N.

3.26

(a) Answer provided in problem description; (b) F D 2T cos ; (c) Essay-type answer.

3.28

TACB D 2620 N; TCDE D 4530 N:

3.30

m D 547 kg.

3.32

Qmax D 2041 lb.

3.34 3.36

TCD D 5710 N, TBA D 3710 N, TCB D 4290 N, W D 1140 N.

Wmax D 2:4 kN.

3.38

(a) System (a): T D W , system (b): T D 1 4 W ; (b) Essay-type answer.

3.40

W D 218 lb.

3.42

 D 46:8ı , T D 86:2 N.

3.46

W1 D 11:3 N, W2 D 32:6 N.

3.50

system (c): 21W , system (d):

1 3W ,

system (e):

1W , 3

system (f):

TBH D 540 lb; THE D 540 lb; TBC D 717 lb; TEF D 586 lb; WA D 322 lb; WG D 369 lb; WD D 108 lb:

3.44

3.48

1W , 2

d D 45 in., TAB C D 54:17 lb.

˛ D 30ı ; intermediate answer: FBD D

.5 lb/.cos 30ı Csin 30ı / cos 30ı cos ˛sin 30ı sin ˛ .

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Engineering Mechanics: Statics 2e

Plesha, Gray, Costanzo

3.52

TAC D 3460 lb, TAE D 6000 lb, TAG D 4240 lb, ı D 6:00 in:

3.54

ıA D 14:72 mm, ıB D 27:80 mm.

3.56 3.58

ıA D 5:2 in., ıB D 4:9 in., ıC D 4 in, ıD D 2:4 in.

(a) LAB D 94:3 cm; LAD D 120 cm; (b) x D 104 cm; y D 46:7 cm.

3.60

P D 10:39 lb, R D 5:196 lb.

3.62

(a) 10:0 N, 8:00 N; (b) 7:00 N, 5:00 N.

3.64

k D 167 lb=in., L0 D 21:0 in:

3.66 3.68 3.70 3.72 3.74 3.76 3.78 3.80 3.82

ı D 0:587 in:, F1 D 128 lb, F2 D 345 lb, F3 D 128 lb.

(a) P D 6000 N, TAB D 8000 N; (b) xA D 229:2 mm, yA D 71:11 mm. ı D 3:42 mm.

(a) d D 95:49 in., F1 D 1082 lb (compression), F2 D 1082 lb (tension); (b) d D 86:40 in., F1 D 3264 lb (compression), F2 D 1736 lb (compression).

ıA D 4:355 mm, ıB D 5:547 mm, F1 D 119:2 N, F2 D 665:6 N, F3 D 609:7 N.

(a) ı D 1:17 in:; (b) ı D 1:99 in: W D 13:33 lb.

 D 83:62ı . (a) F D

q 2 2 p .5 mm/ C.2 mmı /  29mm q 2.2 N=mm/ .5 mm/2 C.2 mmı /2

.2 mm  ı/ C .0:3 N=mm /ı; (b) Answer not provided; (c)

Fmax D 0:600 N; (d) Essay-type answer.

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Engineering Mechanics: Statics 2e 3.84

Plesha, Gray, Costanzo

Fmax D 3:333 kN.

3.86

mD D 91:7 kg.

3.88

W D 500 N.

3.92

TAO D 698:5 lb, TAB D 833:3 lb, TAC D 541:7 lb, TAD D 1000 lb.   (a) W D 3k 1  p 2r 2 d; (b) d D 16:9 in:

3.94

P D 533 lb.

3.90

r Cd

3.96

P D 532 lb.

3.98

P D 1450 lb.

3.100

TAB D 365:8 lb, TBD D 292:3 lb, TBE D 339:8 lb, TBH D 1200 lb.

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Engineering Mechanics: Statics 2e

Plesha, Gray, Costanzo

3.102

(a) FAE D 420 lb, FAC D 120 lb, FAD D 120 lb; (b) FEB D 120 lb.

3.104

FAB D FAC D 780 lb, R D 800 lb.

3.106 3.108

O N, RE D .68:3 {O C 22:3 |O  11:8 k/ O N. W D 400 N, R 1 D 291 N, R 2 D 72:8 N, RE1 D .28:2 {O C 198 |O C 212 k/ 2 O P D 107 N, RE D .32:0 {O C 42:6 |O  107 k/N.

3.110

W D 68:52 lb.

3.112

151:5 N.

3.114

FED D 280 lb, FEF D 360 lb, FFB D 210 lb, FEA D 380 lb, FF C D 210 lb, 60 lb must be added to traffic light E.

3.116

(a) TAB D 96:75 lb, TAC D 114:3 lb; (b) kAB D 297:4 lb=in:, kAC D 461:4 lb=in:

3.118 3.120 3.122

3.124 3.126 3.128 3.130

Essay-type answer.

For scenario (a): TAB D 4000 lb, for scenario (b): TAD D 2611 lb.

TAE D 44:6 lb, TAD D 69:6 lb, TDF D 192 lb, TDG D 274 lb, TABCD D 100 lb.

TAB D 2625 lb, TBC D 1250 lb, TBD D 2125 lb, TCD D 750 lb, TCE D 1000 lb.  D 19:1ı , TAB D 153 N.

FS D 1:5.

F D 90:1 N.

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Engineering Mechanics: Statics 2e

Plesha, Gray, Costanzo

3.132

ı1 D 10:0 mm, ı2 D 10:0 mm.

3.134

TAB D 9:33 kN, TAC D 9:33 kN, TAD D 16:0 kN, TAE D 8:00 kN.

3.136 3.138 3.140

TAB D 8:40 kN, TAC D 4:40 kN, TAD D 8:00 kN, TAE D 8:00 kN.

TAB D 275:4 lb, R y D 130:9 lb, R n D 479:8 lb.

P D 30 lb, TBE D 70 lb, reactions for collar B: RBx D 60 lb, RBy D 30 lb, reactions for collar E: R Ex D 60 lb, R E´ D 40 lb.

3.142

The bead slides toward B .

3.144

TAC D 1650 lb, TBC D 106 lb, TCD D 2330 lb, FCE D 1471 lb, FCF D 1471 lb, TBG D 600 lb, P D 106 lb.

3.146

(a) TAB D 5000 lb, TAC D 7071 lb, d D 5:063 in.; (b) P D 3884 lb; (c) Essay-type answer.

Chapter 4 Note: Throughout Ch. 4, unless otherwise stated, answers for two-dimensional problems are reported using positive values for counterclockwise moments and negative values for clockwise moments. Answers for three-dimensional problems are reported using positive values for moments that act in the positive coordinate directions and negative values for moments that act in the negative coordinate directions. 4.2 4.4

(a) d D 6:00 in:, MB D 150 in:lb; (b) MB D 150 in:lb; (c) MB D 150 in:lb; (d) MB D 150 in:lb; (e) MEB D 150 kO in.  lb.

(a) d D 14:1 mm, MB D 42:4 Nmm; (b) MB D 42:4 Nmm; (c) MB D 42:4 Nmm; (d) MB D 42:4 Nmm; E D 42:4 kO Nmm. (e) M B p 2 sin ˛C3 cos ˛ 146 sin ˛ C4 cos ˛

5 kN  m.

4.6

MA D

4.8

(a) F D 20:1 lb; (b) F D 56:1 lb; (c) k D 13:0 lb=in.

4.10 4.12

F D 640 lb, ˛ D 140ı .

(a) MA D 30:0 kNm; (b) MA D 35:0 kNm; (c) MA D 38:0 kN  m.

4.14

(a) Q D 10:0 kN; (b) W D 5:00 kN, ˛ D 53:1ı . Hint: In Part (b), the value of W you determine must not produce a moment about point A that exceeds 20 kNm for any possible value of ˛ .

4.16

O in:lb, ratchet-wrench: ME D .121:4 {O C194:2 |O C 73:65 k/ O in:lb, Open-end wrench: MEO D .194:2 |O C120 k/ O the open-end wrench is probably more effective.

4.18 4.20

F D 100 N.

O kN  m. (a) and (b) MEA D .184:6 {O C 3:077 |O  129:2 k/

10

Last modified: November 6, 2019

Engineering Mechanics: Statics 2e 4.22

Plesha, Gray, Costanzo

E D .3570 {O C 286 |O  3000 k/ O in.lb; (b) ME D .8030 {O C 514 |O  3000 k/ O in.  lb. (a) M B O

4.24

EA D .7200 {O C 7200 |O/ Nmm; (b) MEB D .29;600 |O/ Nmm. (a) M

4.26

E D .4600 {O  2880 k/ E D .2300 {O C 1920 |O  2880 k/ O ftlb; (b) M O ftlb; (c) MEO D .3840 {O C 7680 |O  (a) M B A O ft  lb. 2880 k/

4.28 4.30

F D 1:75 kN.

E O D 288 {O Nm; (c) Essay-type answer. (a) F D 240 N, (b) M

4.32

Points A and B lie on a line that is parallel to the line of action of the force.

4.34

O N, FE D .3:85 {O  9:23k/ O N is also acceptable; (b) MAB D (a) MAB D 1900 N  mm, FE D .3:85 {O C 9:23 k/ 472 Nmm; (c) MAB D 0.

4.36

F D 92:6 lb.

4.38

F D 115 N. Twisting occurs at both fittings on pipe OA.

4.40

MAB

4.42

E D .2:29 {O C 10:3 |O C 2:29 k/ O Nmm, MAB D 8:00 Nmm; (b) ME D .12:0 {O  6:00 k/ O Nmm, MAB D (a) M A B 8:00 Nmm; (c) Essay-type an...