Archea Phylums PDF

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Summary

Archea phylum chart...

Description

Euryarchaeota

Thaumarchaeota

Nanoarchaeota

Korarchaeota

Crenarchaeota

Haloarchaea

Ex) Nitrosopumilus maritimus

Ex) Nanoarchaeum equitans

Ex) Korarchaeum cryptofilum

Most are hyperthermophiles - Found in hot springs, deep ocean vents

- AEROBIC, ammonia oxidizing chemolithoautotroph (ammonia provides both energy and electrons)

- One of smallest cellular organisms (0.4um)

- Obligately ANAEROBIC chemoorganotroph

- Not free living: obligate parasite of chrenarchaore Ignicoccus

- Hyperthermophile

Ex) Halobacterium salinarum - Absolute requirement for high salt concentrations (at least 1.5M or 9%) - Pumps large amounts of K+ into cell from the environment (intracellular K+ exceeds extracellular Na+) = water flows into the cell Use BACTERIORHODOPSIN [allows them to generate ATP from simpler way than photosynthesis]

Methanogenic Archaea Methanogens create methane through chemolithoautotrophy 4H2 + CO2 -> CH4 + 2H2O - Strict ANAEROBES, found in cow's gut, sewage sludge Cell wall: - S layer made of glycoprotein - Thick polysaccharide wall - Pseudomurein

Abundant in open ocean water where they seem to be a major player in nitrogen cycling

- One of smallest genomes known, lacks genes for all but molecular processes [depends on host for cellular needs, like ATP]

- Cells are long, thin filaments - Lacks many core genes; cannot be grown in pure culture

Some are in extremely cold environments (open ocean water) - Chemoorganotrophs or chemolithotrophs [most use sulfur in their metabolism]

Ex) Sulfolobus acidocaldarius - Grows in sulfur rich acidic hot springs (90DC, pH2) - AEROBIC chemolithotroph that oxidizes reduced sulfur or iron [instead of organic material] using molecular oxygen...