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EDITED BY DAVID ADLER METRIC HANDBOOK PLANNING AND DESIGN DATA SECOND EDITION Architectural Press Metric Handbook CD-ROM Planning and Design Data David Adler BSc DIC CEng MICE Civil Engineering Consultant This C D is an invaluable time-saving tool for architects and designers has over 1700 symbols d...

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EDITED BY DAVID ADLER

METRIC HANDBOOK PLANNING AND DESIGN DATA SECOND EDITION

Architectural Press

Metric Handbook CD-ROM Planning and Design Data David Adler BSc DIC CEng MICE Civil Engineering Consultant

This C D is an invaluable time-saving tool for architects and designers has over 1700 symbols dealing with all the principal building types gives you additional search, select and insert facilities shows you space requirements between furniture as well as standard sizing specifications

The drawings can be used with AutoCAD R12, R13, R14 and AutoCAD LT also with MicroStation SE, MicroStation 95 and MicroStation TriForma and IntelliCAD 98.

CONTENTS: Notation; Design Data; Sanitary Installations; Transport; Mechanised Movement; External Design; Workplaces; Public Buildings; High Street; Eating and Drinking; Entertainment; Sport and Leisure; Learning and Research; Dwellings 0 7506 3293 3

CD-Rom

1999

£150.00 + VAT

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METRIC HANDBOOK Planning and Design Data EDITED BY

David Adler

Architectural Press OXFORD AUCKLAND BOSTON JOHANNESBURG MELBOURNE NEW DELHI

Architectural Press An imprint of Butterworth-Heinemann Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP A member of the Reed Elsevier plc group First published as AJ Metric Handbook by The Architectural Press 1968 Second edition 1969 Third edition 1970 First published as New Metric Handbook 1979 Revised reprint 1981 Reprinted 1984, 1985, 1988, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 Second edition (as Metric Handbook) 1999 © Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd 1979, 1999 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1P 9HE. Applications for the copyright holder’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publishers

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Metric handbook. – 2nd ed. 1. Architecture – Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Architecture – Standards – Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Adler, David 721'.028 ISBN 0 7506 0899 4

Composition by Genesis Typesetting, Laser Quay, Rochester, Kent Printed and bound in Great Britain

A PTLANT REE

FOR EVERY TITLE THAT WE PUBLISH, BUTTERWORTH-HEINEMANN WILL PAY FOR BTCV TO PLANT AND CARE FOR A TREE.

Contents

Preface

19 Studios for sound and vision David Binns

vii

Acknowledgements

viii

1 Notation, drawing office practice and dimensional coordination 2 Basic design data David Adler 3 Sanitary installations and cloakrooms Alan Tye Design Ltd 4 Design for the vehicle David Adler 5 Aids to pedestrian movement David Adler 6 Landscape design Michael Littlewood 7 Terminals and transport interchanges Chris Blow 8 Factories Jolyon Drury 9 Industrial storage buildings Jolyon Drury 10 Farm buildings John Weller 11 Offices DEGW

20 Auditoria Ian Appleton and Joe Aveline 21 Community centres Jim Tanner 22 Swimming Gerald Perrin 23 Boating John Rawson 24 Outdoor sports and stadia Peter Ackroyd and Geraint John 25 Indoor sports Peter Ackroyd 26 Equestrian design Rod Sheard and Frank Bradbeer 27 Places of worship Leslie Fairweather, Atba Al-Samarraie and David Adler 28 Schools Guy Hawkins 29 Higher education 30 Laboratories Tony Branton and Chris Bissell 31 Museums, art galleries and temporary exhibition spaces Geoffrey Matthews

12 Law courts Christopher Rainford

32 Libraries and information centres

13 Retail trading Fred Lawson

33 Houses and flats Ian Chown

14 Payment and counselling offices Derek Montefiore

34 Student housing and housing for young people Liz Pride

15 Public service buildings Derek Montefiore

35 Homes for old people Ian Smith

16 Primary health care Ann Noble

36 Hotels Fred Lawson and John Rawson

17 Hospitals Rosemary Glanville and Anthony Howard

37 Tropical design Martin Evans

18 Eating and drinking Fred Lawson, John Rawson and Frank Bradbeer

38 Thermal environment Phil Jones

vi

Contents

39 Light Joe Lynes

44 Access for maintenance 45 Service distribution

40 Sound Neil Spring

46 Materials

41 Structure David Adler

Appendix A The SI system Appendix B Conversion factors and tables

42 Fire Beryl Menzies

Appendix C List of contributors

43 Security David Adler

Index

Preface

Seventeen years have passed since the last main revision of the Metric Handbook. While the changeover from the Imperial system of measurement to metric in the building industry has passed into the mists of time (it started over thirty years ago), we are still in the throes of an almost equally traumatic change. This is the change from our British system of standards and codes of practice to ones that will eventually be common over most of Europe, and even in some cases over the whole world. This radical revision of our standards is still in process. While the information in this new edition is as up to date as possible, further changes occur almost daily. While the basic concepts of design are constant so the information should be adequate for initial design purposes, the latest and fullest information should be consulted before finalisation. The bibliographies at the end of most of the chapters should assist in this. In a handbook covering such a wide field as this, it is inevitable that not everything can be as detailed as one would prefer. Statements are made that may require qualification. When frequently repeated, it becomes tedious to continually read terms such as generally, normally, in many cases. The actual use of such terms has been restricted, but the reader should treat all statements made in the book as covered by a general proviso. Each situation is unique, and its problems may demand solutions that break rules found in sources such as this. Very many people have assisted me in the preparation of this new edition, and I have built upon the many others who were

responsible for material in earlier editions, going back to the three special editions of the Architects’ Journal in 1970 that started it off. I thank all of those that I remember in the Acknowledgements which follow, and apologise to those whom I fail to mention. Fuller details of major contributors than can be included in the chapter headings will be found in Appendix C at the end of the book. This new edition marks the honoured passing of the doyen of architectural reference books. I refer to Planning, The Architect’s Handbook which is now not to be republished since the recent death of its distinguished last editor, Derek Mills CBE. Planning evolved in the 1930s from weekly notes in the Architect and Building News, and was a vade-mecum for generations of architects – I myself found it invaluable as an engineering student in the fifties. I have incorporated some of its material in this new edition of the Metric Handbook, and I hope that this, while something of a johnny-come-lately, will be regarded a worthy successor. A project of this scale is bound to contain errors, and I would be grateful to be informed of any that are found. However, neither I, the contributors nor the publishers can accept responsibility for loss or damage resulting from inaccuracies or omissions. David Adler November 1998

Acknowledgements

Organizations who have contributed and/or helped are: the British Standards Institution, Department of Environment, Transport and the Regions, Health and Safety Executive, Institution of Structural Engineers, Steel Construction Institute, the late lamented Greater London Council, County Councils of Cheshire, Devon, Essex and Lancashire, and the Cyclists’ Touring Club. Individuals who have made substantial contributions to the book are generally named in the chapter headings. In addition, the editor has received help from a large number of other people over the years for this and for previous editions. He wishes to express his sincere thanks to all of these. Some of those in the list below are unfortunately no longer with us, but deserve to be remembered. If anyone is omitted from the list (which is in alphabetical order), my apologies – it will be due to a fallible memory! Peter Ackroyd Don Adie Tanya Bocking Brian Barclay Brian Brookes Geoff Burt Ruth Cannock John Carter Mike Cash Richard Chisnell Mike Chrimes

Renata Corbani Susan Cunningham Betsy Dinesen Francis Duffy Peter Forbes Brenda Goddard Selwyn Goldsmith Godfrey Golzen John Gridley Simon Inglis Geraint John

John Jordan John Keenan Alexander Kira David Knipe Leslie Knopp Sarah Kors Mary Langshaw David Lush Jim McCluskey Tony McKendry Jay McMahan Bruce Martin Colin Moore John Nelson Anthony Noakes George Noble John Noble

Paul Noble Julian Oseley Oliver Palmer Tim Pharoah Esmond Reid David Schreiber Steve Scrivens Jan Sliwa Peter Stubbs Patricia Tutt Maritz Vandenberg Neil Warnock-Smith John Weller Jeremy Wilson David Wolchover Zoë Youd

A special acknowledgement to my wife Jill Adler, who took on the mammoth task of proof-reading. Extracts from British Standards are reproduced with the permission of BSI under licence number PD/19990450. Complete copies can be obtained by post from BSI Customer Services, 389 Chiswick High Road, London, W4 4AL. Crown Copyright is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.

1 Notation, drawing office practice and dimensional coordination CI/SfB (1976 revised) (A3t) and (F43) UDC: 744 and 69.032

KEY POINT: For clear understanding the conventions must be followed.

•

Contents 1 Notation 2 Paper sizes 3 Ordnance survey maps 4 Drawings 5 Measuring instruments 6 Dimensional coordination 7 Planning 8 References 1 NOTATION 1.01 Decimal marker The decimal marker (full stop) on the baseline is the standard decimal point in the UK; but the marker at the halfway position is also acceptable. It should be noted that Continental practice is to use the comma on the baseline. When the value to be expressed is less than unity it should be preceded by zero (e.g. 0.6 not .6). Whole numbers may be expressed without a decimal marker. The appropriate number of decimal places should be chosen depending on the circumstances in which the resulting value is to be used. Thousand marker To avoid confusion with the Continental decimal marker, no thousand marker should be used. Where legibility needs to be

improved a space can thousand point. Where the first digit and the (However, the comma

be left in large groups of digits at every there are only four digits, a space between others is not desirable (e.g. 15 000, 1500). is used in currency, e.g. £115,000.)

1.02 Symbols 1 The main symbols should be used as shown in Table I. The same symbol, i.e. m, mm, kg, should be used for singular and plural values (1 kg, 10 kg), and no full stops or other punctuation marks should be used after the symbol unless it occurs at the end of a sentence. Use a ‘solidus’ or sloping line as a separator between numerator and denominator, i.e. 3 kg/m3 or 3 kg/cu m (three kilograms per cubic metre). 2 A single space should separate figures from symbols: 10 m, not 10m. 3 The unit should be written in full if there is any doubt about the symbol. For example, the recognised unit symbol 1 for the unit litre can be confused with the number 1 and it is less confusing to write litre in full. Also, the unit symbol t for tonne may in some circumstances be confused with the imperial ton, and the unit tonne should then be written in full. 4 When symbols are raised to various powers, it is only the symbol which is involved and not the number attached to it. Thus 3 m3 equals 3 (m) 3 and not 3 m × 3 m × 3 m (i.e. the answer is 3 cubic metres and not 27 cubic metres). 5 Difficulty may be experienced when reproducing the squaring and cubing indices m2 or mm2 , and m3 or mm3 . In such cases, units may be written with the indices on the line instead of as superscripts (m2, m3). Alternatively, particularly when the

Table I Summary of symbols and notation Quantity

Description

Numerical values

Incorrect use

Notes

0.1 0.01 0.001

.1 .01 .001

When the value is less than unity, the decimal point should be preceded by zero

m. M meter m.m. mm. MM M.M. milli-metre

Correct unit symbol

Length

metre millimetre

m mm

Area

square metre

m

Volume

cubic metre cubic millimetre

m3 3 mm

litre (liquid volume)

Mass (weight)

Force

2

Acceptable alternatives

sq m

m.sq sm sq.m sq m.

cu m cu mm

1, ltr

cu.m m.cu. cu.mm. mm.cub. mm.cu. 1. lit.

tonne

t

ton

kilogram

kg

gram

g

Kg kG kg. kilogramme g. G.

newton

N

N. n

Preferably write litre in full to avoid ‘l’ being taken for figure ‘one’

Preferably write tonne in full to avoid being mistaken for imperial ton

Note that when used in written text, the unit of newton is spelled out in full and begins with a lower-case letter ‘n’. When used as unit symbol, in calculation or in a formula it is then expressed as capital letter ‘N’ 1-1

1-2

Notation, drawing office practice and dimensional coordination

841

1189 297

1189

420

594

1.03 Notation 1 As a rule the sizes of components should be expressed in consistent and not mixed units, e.g. 1500 mm × 600 mm × 25 mm thick and not 1.5 m × 600 mm × 25 mm thick. However, for long thin components such as timbers, it is preferable to mix the units, e.g. 100 mm × 75 mm × 10 m long. 2 It is important to distinguish clearly between the metric tonne and the imperial ton. The tonne is equivalent to 2204.6 lb while the ton is equal to 2240 lb – a difference of 1.6 per cent. 3 The interval of temperature should be referred to as degree Celsius (°C) and not as centigrade. The word centigrade is used by the Continental metric countries as a measure of plane angle and equals 1/10 000th part of a right angle.

841

594

general public is involved, the abbreviations ‘sq’ and ‘cu’ may be used (sq m, cu m). 6 Units should not be hyphenated (milli-metres).

210

148

148

420

210

74 105 105

1.2 A-sizes retain the same proportion (1:√ 2), each size being half the size above

Examples 841

*Note. Some metric values are expressed differently in certain countries. The value of 10.100 m, for example, could mean ten thousand one hundred metres and not ten metres one hundred millimetres, as in the UK.

2 PAPER SIZES The International A-series of paper sizes is used for all drawings and written material. 2.01 Sizes in the A-series The A range is derived from a rectangle A0, 1.1, of area 1 m2 with sides x and y such that x:y = 1:√2 (i.e. x = 841 mm; y = 1189 mm). The other sizes in the series are derived downwards by progressively halving the size above across its larger dimension. The proportions of the sizes remain constant, 1.2. 2.02 Trimmed sizes and tolerances The A formats are trimmed sizes and therefore exact; stubs of tearoff books, index tabs, etc. are always additional to the A dimensions. Printers purchase their paper in sizes allowing for the following tolerances of the trimmed sizes: dimensions up to and including 150 mm, +1.5 mm • For For dimensions greater than 150 mm up to and including • 600 mm, +2 mm For dimensions greater than 600 mm, +3 mm. Recommended • methods of folding the larger A-sized prints are given in 1.3.

A0

841 × 1189

A1

594 × 841

A2

420 × 594

A3

297 × 420

A4

210 × 297

A5

148 × 210

A6

105 × 148

A7

74 × 105

A8

52 × 74

A9

37 × 52

A10

26 × 37

185

210

mm

185

594

3 cm 3 mm 10 m 100 mm* 50 kg 750g

A size

297

33 m 10.100 m 50.750 kg

Incorrect use

297

Correct use

measurements represent

eq

trimmed sizes

eq

folding A1 size

1.3 A-series of paper sizes

2.03 Pre-metric paper sizes Old drawings will frequently be found in the sizes common prior to the changeover to metric. These sizes are given in Table II. 2.04 Drawing boards Drawing boards are currently manufactured to fit A-size paper, while vertical and horizontal filing cabinets and chests have internal dimensions approximately corresponding to the board sizes listed in Table III. Boards, cabinets and chests designed for the pre-metric paper sizes are still in use.

3 ORDNANCE SURVEY MAPS 3.01 Ordnance Survey maps are now based completely on metric measurements and are immediately available to the following scales: 1:50 000, 1:25 000, 1:10 000, 1:25 000 and 1:1250.

Y

X

1.1 Derivation of the rectangle A0, which has a surface area of 1m2

However, new computer methods of storage and retrieval mean that maps can be supplied to any desired scale.

Table II Pre-metric paper and drawing board sizes Name

Paper size

Half imperial Imperial Double elephant Antiquarian

559 762 1016 1346

× × × ×

381 559 679 787

Board size

594 813 1092 1372

× × × ×

405 584 737 813

Notation, drawing office practice and dimensional coordination Table III Nominal sizes of drawing boards for use with parallel motion or drafting machines attached Type of board

Parallel motion unit only or parallelogram type drafting machine

Size

A2 A1 A0 2A0

Track or trolley type drafting machine requiring additional ‘parking’ area to one side

A1 extended A0 extended

Parallel motion unit with drafting head requiring additional ‘parking’ area at bottom of board

A1 deep A0 deep

Width

Length

(mm)

(mm)

470 730 920 1250

650 920 1270 ...