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nkisi, plural: minkisis more specifically nkonde Salvador Dali, The Persistence of Time and Memory Christo and Jeanne-Claude, The Gates Jasper Johns, Three Flags Claude Monet- Le Pont de l'Europe, Gare Saint-Lazare Pablo Picasso- Les Demoiselles de Avignon Pablo Picasso, Seated Bather Andy Warhol, Race Riot Jan Van Eyck, The Ghent Altar Piece Kane Kwei, Cocoa Pod Renzo Piano, Jean-Marie Tjbaou Center in Noumea, New Calondia John Ahearn and Rigoberto Torres, Pat Surrealism - a 20th century avant-garde movement in art and literature that sought to release the creative potential of the unconscious mind, for example by the irrational juxtaposition of images. Ex. Salvador Dali. Nkonde - Singular of Minkonde, form of nikisi, most dangerous. Looks dangerous from its position. Pursued witches, wrongdoers, by having a nail driven into the nkonde to bring on their powers. Filled with bilongo. Bilongo - Magical medicine which was usually kaolin, a white clay, and red ocher, linked to blood. Put in nkonde. Minkisi, singular nkisi - made in the Kongo, means sacred medicine. Showed some resistance to Europeans colonizing the continent. Harness power of the dead through this. Most dangerous was the nkonde.

Active Seeing - Filtering information through our fears, prejudices, desires, emotions, customs, and beliefs. By using active seeing with art, we can begin to understand those filters and learn to look more closely at the visual world. Environmental Sculpture - Making sculpture in the environment, and using it to make art. Ex. The Gates Landscape - Depiction of a natural scenery. Usually deals with naturalism and realism. Ex. The Rocky Mountains. Animism - A foundation of many religions, referring to the belief in the existence of souls and the conviction that nonhuman things can be endowed with a soul. Ex. Minkonde. 3 Steps involved in Processing Visual Information - 1. Reception 2. Extraction 3. Inference Reception - visual stimulus going into the retina extraction - the retina extracts the basic information it needs and sends the information to the visual cortex. Inference - the information extracted by the visual cortex and retina such as color, motion, orientation, and size, creates the image we see. Iconography - Meaning of a work of art, depending on culture, symbolism. Often represents more than literal meaning. A system of visual images the meaning of which is widely understood by a given culture or cultural group. Represents symbols. Four roles the artist plays - 1. artists help us to see the world in new or innovative ways. 2. artists make a visual record of the people, places, and events of their time and place. 3. Artists make functional objects and structures more pleasurable and elevate them or imbue them with meaning. 4. artists give form to the immaterial- hidden or universal truths, spiritual forces, and other personal feelings. 6 themes of art - art, politics, and community art and spiritual belief art and the passage of time

art and beauty art, gender, and identity art, science, and the environment. What function does color play in the work of Andy Warhol? - The colors are the same as the American Flag, which then shows that this image that is being seen is not just a solitary incident and should be noticed by the whole nation and have action. The red also brings to mind the idea of bloodshed, violence and an alert to what is happening. What function does color play in the work of Faith Rinngold? - The American flag colors, but because it's on its side, the stripes are converted to jail bars. White woman is pledging to the flag. However it shows national pride because of the color, but the white woman shows that the national pride is only for certain races. Also the sense of national pride "jails" African Americans. What do we mean when we say "the map is not the territory?" - The image in the artwork is a representation of it and not the actual object in the image. Separate image, and the word from actual object. What do we call works of art that depict forms as they appear in the natural world? Representational works of art. The more it represents what the eyes see, it is called realism. If it resembles a photograph quality, it is said to be photorealistic. Abstract Art - Not resembling the real world but uses natural objects Non-objective art - a work of art that does not refer to the natural or objective world at all. Form in art - Overall structure of a work of art, how it was made and what materials were used. Content in art - What the work of art expresses or means. Roles of women in Treaty Signing by Howling Wolf - Women were highly valued and had a voice in their society. They were valued in decision making, and were all depicted differently. Roles of women in Treaty Signing by John Taylor - Women had no place in important events and the only woman in the piece was the translator.

Buddha - Related to Buddahism. He experienced enlightenment under a tree as Gaya, and he became the Enlightened One. Calligraphy - The fine art of handwriting, chief form of Islamic art. Hubris - Excessive pride or presumption. Ex. Formal art background culture looking in African artwork seems them as too simple, when in reality it has much meaning for the other culture Ethnocentric - Imposing the art of one's culture with our own cultures outlook, without understanding their context. Implying our own cultures meanings and prejudices. Ledger drawings - Drawings made on blank accountant's ledgers Mudra - Symbolic hand gestures of the Buddha's hand positions Subject matter - what the image literally depicts content - what the image means Iconoclasts - literally "image breakers" those who wished to destroy images in religious settings Sublime - Capuring an immensity so large that it could hardly be comprehended by the imagination Naturalism - representation in which the artist retains apparently realistic elements but presents the visual world from a distinctly personal or subjective point of view. Albert Bierstadt, The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak Rene Magritte, The Treason of Images Lorna Simpson, She Lorna Simpson, Neckline Shirin Neshat, Rebellious Silence -

Kasimir Malevich, Black Square Suprematism - Started by Kasimir Malevich, the supremacy of feeling in art. Leonardo da Vinci - Five Characters in a Comic Scene, Pen and Ink Jean-Michel Basquait, Charles the First George Green, ...marooned in dreaming: a path of song and mind - example of abstract illusionism. Painted on frame with ocean landscape. Clifford Possom Tjapaltijarri, Man's Love Story Jan van Eyck, The Marriage of Giovanni Arnolfini and Giovanna Cenami How did the French public react to Edouard Manet's Luncheon on the Grass when it was first exhibited in 1863? - The public was outraged at what they saw because of the nude, and visible brush strokes and a distorted sense of space. Maya Ying Lin's Vietnam Memorial controversial? - Didn't seem grand or rising above anything to show the war. Was a symbol of the war. Resolved by adding a flag pole and statue. Maya Ying Lin, Vietnam Memorial Richard Serra, Tilted Arc Why did Serra feel that Tilted Arc was destroyed by the act of removing it from Federal Plaza? - Because it was a site specific art piece, it lost its meaning when it was moved. What do Marcel Duchamp, Etienne Jules Marey and the Lumiere brothers share in common? - All were interested in motion. Lumiere took the idea of motion in pictures farther by creating one of the first motion pictures. Public art - Believed by NEA would make everyone's lives better by making the places in which we live more beautiful, or at least more interesting. NEA- National Endowment for the Arts - First funded in 1967 by congress. 1% of new

public buildings to be dedicated to purchasing art to enhance their public spaces. Were to educate the general public about the value of art. Site-specific art - Art that was made for a specific area and loses its meaning when put into another area of context. Activist art - Promoting a specific political or social agenda through art. Performance art - Using people incorporated in a piece of art. Chris Ofili, The Holy VIrgin Mary Eadweard Muybridge, Horse in Motion Etienne-Jules Marey, Man Walking in Black Suit with White Stripes Down Sides Marcel Duchamp, Nude Descending Staircase - Motion Michelangelo, David Does an image have to be beautiful in order to be considered art? - No, because something ugly such as Ofili's work is ugly but is still art. How do religious images help viewers? - Help the viewers experience iconography and allows them to connect with a story without having to read. Gives a visual of what is happening. Genre Scene - Class of art which shows everyday life and occurrences. Aesthetic sense - beauty, Piano's example in New Calondia has self sufficiency and blends with the tradition of the people which shows beauty. Impressionism - Movement in painting where the art is concerned with depicting the visual impression of the moment, especially in terms of the shifting effect of light and color. Uses broader brush strokes. Vanitas - A still life piece about vanity Altarpiece - Art found in churches. Ex. Jan Van Eyck's Ghent Altarpiece

Abstract Expressionism - Expression through the abstract art. Kimono - Type of garment worn in Japan. Shows wearer's taste, self-image, and social status. Bodhisattva - Enlightened being who is on the road to becoming enlightened like the Buddha, but stayed on Earth to help others reach that level of Enlightenment as well. Pierre Auguste Renoir, La Moulin de la Galette Albrecht Durer, Adam and Eve Edouard Manet, Luncheon on the Grass Salvador Dali, Persistence of Time and Memory -...