ASHRAE Pocket Guide for Air-Conditioning, Heating, Ventilation and Refrigeration, 9th edition PDF

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ASHRAE POCKET GUIDE for Air Conditioning, Heating, Ventilation, Refrigeration I-P 9th Edition ASHRAE · 1791 Tullie Circle, NE Atlanta, GA 30329 · www.ashrae.org © 1987, 1989, 1993, 1997, 2001, 2005, 2009, 2013, 2017 ASHRAE All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN 978-1-93920...

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ASHRAE POCKET GUIDE for Air Conditioning, Heating, Ventilation, Refrigeration

I-P 9th Edition

ASHRAE · 1791 Tullie Circle, NE Atlanta, GA 30329 · www.ashrae.org

© 1987, 1989, 1993, 1997, 2001, 2005, 2009, 2013, 2017 ASHRAE All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN 978-1-939200-82-2 (softcover) ISBN 978-1-939200-84-6 (PDF) Product code: 90077

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ASHRAE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, owned by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. No part of this manual may be reproduced without permission in writing from ASHRAE, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages or reproduce illustrations in a review with appropriate credit, nor may any part of this book be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any way or by any means—electronic, photocopying, recording, or other—without permission in writing from ASHRAE. Requests for permission should be submitted at www.ashrae.org/permissions. ASHRAE has compiled this publication with care, but ASHRAE has not investigated, and ASHRAE expressly disclaims any duty to investigate, any product, service, process, procedure, design, or the like that may be described herein. The appearance of any technical data or editorial material in this publication does not constitute endorsement, warranty, or guaranty by ASHRAE of any product, service, process, procedure, design, or the like. ASHRAE does not warrant that the information in this publication is free of errors, and ASHRAE does not necessarily agree with any statement or opinion in this publication. The entire risk of the use of any information in this publication is assumed by the user. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: ASHRAE (Firm), author. Title: ASHRAE pocket guide for air conditioning, heating, ventilation, refrigeration. Other titles: Pocket guide for air conditioning, heating, ventilation, refrigeration Description: 9th edition, I-P. | Atlanta, GA : ASHRAE, [2017] | Includes index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017058775| ISBN 9781939200822 (softcover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781939200846 (PDF) Subjects: LCSH: Heating--Equipment and supplies--Handbooks, manuals, etc. | Ventilation--Handbooks, manuals, etc. | Air conditioning--Handbooks, manuals, etc. | Refrigeration and refrigerating machinery--Handbooks, manuals, etc. Classification: LCC TH7011 .A38 2017b | DDC 697.9--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017058775 ASHRAE Staff

Special Publications Mark S. Owen, Editor/Group Manager of Handbook and Special Publications Cindy Sheffield Michaels, Managing Editor Lauren Ramsdell, Assistant Editor Mary Bolton, Editorial Assistant Michshell Phillips, Editorial Coordinator Publishing Services David Soltis, Group Manager of Publishing Services and Electronic Communications Jayne Jackson, Publication Traffic Administrator Publisher W. Stephen Comstock

Updates and errata for this publication will be posted on the ASHRAE website at www.ashrae.org/publicationupdates.

CONTENTS Preface........................................................................................................................viii 1

Air Handling and Psychrometrics Air Friction Chart .....................................................................................................1 Velocities vs. Velocity Pressures ............................................................................2 Noncircular Ducts....................................................................................................2 Fittings and Flexible Ducts......................................................................................2 Duct Leakage......................................................................................................3–4 Fitting Losses..........................................................................................................5 Circular Equivalents of Rectangular Ducts .........................................................6–7 Flat Oval Duct Equivalents......................................................................................8 Velocities for HVAC Components ...........................................................................9 Fan Laws ........................................................................................................11–12 Types of Fans .................................................................................................13–20 Fan System Effect.................................................................................................21 Psychrometric Chart .............................................................................................22 Air-Conditioning Processes.............................................................................23–25 Enthalpy of Air.......................................................................................................26 Standard Atmospheric Data..................................................................................27 Moist Air Data .......................................................................................................27 Space Air Diffusion .........................................................................................28–29 Principles of Jet Behavior ...............................................................................30–32 Airflow Patterns of Different Diffusers .............................................................33–35 Mixed-Air Systems ................................................................................................36 Fully Stratified Systems ..................................................................................40–41 Partially Mixed Systems........................................................................................42 Return Air Design..................................................................................................44

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Air Contaminants and Control Air Quality Standards ............................................................................................45 Electronic Air Cleaners .........................................................................................46 Bioaerosols ...........................................................................................................46 Filter Installations ..................................................................................................46 MERV Parameters ................................................................................................47 Filter Application Guidelines .................................................................................48 Indoor Contaminant Sources ..........................................................................49–51 Gaseous Contaminants by Building Materials ................................................52–53 Kitchen Ventilation ..........................................................................................54–66

3

Water Pump Terms and Formulas ..................................................................................69 Pump Affinity Laws ...............................................................................................69 Application of Affinity Laws ...................................................................................70 Net Positive Suction Characteristics ...............................................................71–73 Typical Pump Curves............................................................................................73 General Information on Water...............................................................................74 Mass Flow and Specific Heat of Water .................................................................75 Freezing Points of Glycols ....................................................................................75 Vertical Cylindrical Tank Capacity ........................................................................76 Horizontal Cylindrical Tank Capacity ....................................................................76 Volume of Water in Pipe and Tube .......................................................................77 Water Pipe Friction Chart, Copper........................................................................78 Water Pipe Friction Chart, Plastic .........................................................................79 Water Pipe Friction Chart, Steel ...........................................................................80 Friction Losses in Pipe Fittings .......................................................................81–86

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Steam Steam Table..........................................................................................................87 iii

Steam Chart..........................................................................................................88 Steam Pipe Flow Rate ..........................................................................................89 Steam Pipe Capacities....................................................................................90–91 Steam Pipe Capacities—Return Mains and Risers ..............................................92 5

Piping Steel Pipe Data ...............................................................................................93–95 Copper Tube Data ..........................................................................................96–98 Properties of Plastic Pipe Materials ..............................................................99–100 Pipe, Fitting, and Valve Applications...........................................................101–109 Thermal Expansion of Metal Pipe .......................................................................110 Hanger Spacing and Rod Sizes..........................................................................110

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Service Water Heating Service Water Heating System Elements ...........................................................112 Legionella pneumophila ......................................................................................112 Load Diversity .............................................................................................113–114 Hot-Water Demand for Buildings ........................................................................115 Hot-Water Demand per Fixture...................................................................116–118 Hot-Water Flow Rate ..........................................................................................119

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Refrigeration Cycles Coefficient of Performance (COP) ......................................................................122 Vapor Compression Cycle ..........................................................................123–124

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Refrigerants Refrigerant Data..........................................................................................125–126 Pressure-Enthalpy Chart—R-22 .........................................................................127 Property Tables—R-22 ...............................................................................128–129 Pressure-Enthalpy Chart—R-123 .......................................................................130 Property Table—R-123 .......................................................................................131 Pressure-Enthalpy Chart—R-134a .....................................................................132 Property Tables—R-134a ...........................................................................133–134 Pressure Enthalpy Chart—R-245fa ....................................................................135 Property Table—R-245fa ....................................................................................136 Pressure Enthalpy Chart—R-404A .....................................................................137 Property Table—R-404A.....................................................................................138 Pressure Enthalpy Chart—R-407C.....................................................................139 Property Table—R-407C ....................................................................................140 Pressure Enthalpy Chart—R-410A .....................................................................141 Property Table—R-410A.....................................................................................142 Pressure Enthalpy Chart—R-507A .....................................................................143 Property Table—R-507A.....................................................................................144 Pressure-Enthalpy Chart—R-717 (Ammonia).....................................................145 Property Tables—R-717 (Ammonia)...................................................................146 Pressure Enthalpy Chart—R-1233zd(E).............................................................147 Property Table—R-1233zd(E) ............................................................................148 Pressure Enthalpy Chart—R-1234yf...................................................................149 Property Table—R-1234yf ..................................................................................150 Pressure Enthalpy Chart—R-1234ze(E).............................................................151 Property Table—R-1234ze(E) ............................................................................152 Comparative Refrigerant Performance .......................................................153–154 Refrigerant Line Capacities—R-404A.........................................................155–156 Refrigerant Line Capacities—R-507A.........................................................157–158 Refrigerant Line Capacities—R-410A.........................................................159–160 Refrigerant Line Capacities—R-407C.........................................................161–162 Refrigerant Line Capacities—R-22 .............................................................163–164 Refrigerant Line Capacities—R-134a .........................................................165–166 Oil Entrained in Suction Risers—R-22 and R-134a ....................................167–168 Oil Entrained in Hot-Gas Risers—R-22 and R-134a...................................169–170

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Refrigerant Line Capacities—Ammonia (R-717).................................................171 Liquid Ammonia Line Capacities.........................................................................172 Lubricants in Refrigerant Systems ......................................................................173 Secondary Coolants............................................................................................173 Relative Pumping Energy ...................................................................................174 9

Refrigerant Safety Safety Group Classification.................................................................................175 Data and Safety Classifications for Refrigerants and Blends .....................176–181

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Refrigeration Transmission Load..............................................................................................183 Product Load.......................................................................................................185 Internal Load .......................................................................................................186 Packaging Related Load.............................................................................187–189 Infiltration Air Load ..............................................................................................190 Equipment-Related Load ....................................................................................190 Safety Factor.......................................................................................................190 Liquid Coolers .............................................................................................192–197 Forced-Circulation Air Coolers....................................................................197–198

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Air-Conditioning Load Data Cooling and Heating Loads.........................................................................199–200 Heat Flow Through Building Materials ................................................................202 Thermal Resistance of Plane Air Spaces ...........................................................203 Surface Conductances and Resistances ...........................................................204 Emissivity ............................................................................................................205 Thermal Resistance of Ventilated Attics .............................................................206 Thermal Properties of Materials..................................................................207–212 CLTDs for Flat Roofs ..................................................................................213–214 CLTDs for Sunlit Walls................................................................................215–216 Solar Cooling Load for Sunlit Glass ....................................................................217 Shading Coefficients for Glass............................................................................218 Heat Gain from People .......................................................................................219 Heat Gain from Lighting and LPDs .............................................................220–223 Heat Gain from Motors................................................................................224–225 Heat Gain from Restaurant Equipment.......................................................226–230 Heat Gain from Hospital and Laboratory Equipment ..................................231–232 Heat Gain from Office Equipment ...............................................................233–238 Display Fixtures Refrigerating Effect...................................................................238

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Ventilation ASHRAE Standard 62.2-2016 ....................................................................239–240 ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2016 ....................................................................241–244 Procedures from ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2016.........................................244–253 Normative Appendix A from ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2016 .......................253–256 Design Parameters for Health Care Facilities.............................................257–258 Operation and Maintenance........................................................................259–260

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Energy-Conserving Design Sustainability.......................................................................................................261 Energy Efficiency Standards...............................................................................262 Climate Zones for United States Locations.........................................................263

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Electrical Characteristics of AC Motors ..............................................................................264 Motor Full-Load Amperes ...................................................................................265 Useful Electrical Formulas ..................................................................................265 Motor Controllers ................................................................................................266 Variable-Speed Drives (VSDs) ...........................................................................266 v

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Fuels and Combustion Gas Pipe Sizing Table ........................................................................................267 Viscosity and Heating Values of Fuels................................................................268 Liquid Fuels for Engines ........................................