Ashtma Care Plan - Pediatrics care plan for clinical about asthma, with treatment PDF

Preview

Summary

Pediatrics care plan for clinical about asthma, with treatment...

Description

Arianna Bryson October 7, 2019 Asthma Nursing Care Plan

Pathophysiology: Asthma is defined as a chronic inflammatory disorder that results in bronchospasm. This condition causes airway obstruction, mucus production and bronchoconstriction. Some factors such as smoking, cold weather, allergens, rigorous activity, medications and respiratory infection can trigger this inflammatory response. IgE releases inflammatory mediators that cause swelling and spasm of the bronchial tubes. During this time signs and symptoms of wheezing, dyspnea and increase mucus production will occur.

Ineffective Breathing Pattern- Intervention: Assess the respiratory rate, rhythm, and depthRationale: respiratory rate and rhythm can rapidly change and indicate warning signs of up-andcoming respiratory difficulties. Also you can assess for nasal flaring and use of accessory muscles. These signs and symptoms suggest that the patient has an increase in respiratory effort.

Ineffective Airway Clearance-Intervention: Auscultate the lungs for adventitious breath sounds (rhonchi and wheezes)- Rationale: A proper lung assessment aids in determining early detection and correction of any abnormalities. Wheezing is very common in asthmatics, and may indicate partial obstruction or resistance. Rhonchi may suggest secretions are solidifying in the lower respiratory tract.

Anxiety- Intervention: Assess for signs of anxiety such as tachycardia, increased respiratory effort, restlessness, etc. Rationale: Anxiety increases as breathing becomes more difficult. And anxiety affects the respiratory rate resulting in rapid shallow breathing. You may also use pulse oximetry to monitor the patient’s oxygen saturation. Rationale: Anxiety and hypoxia increase at the same time and can indicate that the patient’s oxygen levels are decreasing.

Deficient Knowledge- Intervention: Assess the patient’s knowledge of what triggers their asthma attacks and what medication they use to correct their attacks. Rationale: The patient will need to learn what triggers their asthma to avoid and manage the problematic exposure. The correct use of medications is important to control and reduce the frequency of acute attacks.

Activity Intolerance- Intervention: Assist in helping patient with ADLs and pace their overall activities for the day. Rationale: Fatigue can increase their work of breathing which can decrease their cough effectiveness. Allowing them to pace their activities can help conserve energy and prevent possible attack.

Pharmacological Agents

A) Short acting beta 2 adrenergic agonists- During an asthma attack bronchospasm can affect the patient’s breathing pattern. These Bronchodilators aid in relieving these symptoms but relaxing the bronchial tubes. The aim is to open the airways and improve breathing. Bronchodilators also aid in clearing mucus and allows the patient to cough more easily. Examples are albuterol, levalbuterol

B) Inhaled corticosteroids- Corticosteroids are most effective in treating airflow obstruction due to asthma attacks. Inhaled steroids must be given after short acting beta 2 adrenergic agonists. Inhaled corticosteroids produce bronchodilation by reducing intrinsic vagal tone to the airway. Examples : Budesonide, ciclesonide, fluticasone, triamcinolone, and beclomethasone- It is important to rinse with water and spit after each dose of inhaled steroids to prevent any oral infection...