Atkin\'s Physical chemistry solution 10th edition PDF

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앳킨스의 물리화학 10판 솔루션입니다.
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Atkins & de Paula: Atkins’ Physical Chemistry 10e

Solutions to a) exercises

Foundations Topic A EA.1(a) Example (i) Group 2 (ii) Group 7 (iii) Group 15

EA.2(a)

Element Ca, calcium Mn, manganese As, arsenic

Ground-state Electronic Configuration [Ar]4s2 [Ar]3d54s2 [Ar]3d104s24p3

(i) Chemical formula and name: MgCl2, magnesium chloride ions: Mg2+ and Cl– oxidation numbers of the elements: magnesium, +2; chlorine, –1 (ii) Chemical formula and name: FeO, iron(II) oxide ions: Fe2+ and O2– oxidation numbers of the elements: iron, +2; oxygen, –2 (iii) Chemical formula and name: Hg2Cl2, mercury(I) chloride ions: Cl– and Hg2 2+ (a polyatomic ion) oxidation numbers of the elements: mercury, +1; chlorine, –1

EA.8(a)

(i) CO2 is a linear, nonpolar molecule. (ii) SO2 is a bent, polar molecule. (iii) N2O is linear, polar molecule. (iv) SF4 has a seesaw molecule and it is a polar molecule.

EA.9(a)

In the order of increasing dipole moment: CO2, N2O, SF4, SO2

EA.10(a)

(i) Mass is an extensive property. (ii) Mass density is an intensive property. (iii) Temperature is an intensive property. (iv) Number density is an intensive property.

EA.11(a)

(i) 0.543 mol

(ii) 3.27 ×1023 molecules

EA.12(a)

(i) 180. g

(ii) 1.77 N

EA.13(a)

0.43 bar

EA.14(a)

0.42 atm

EA.15(a)

1.47 ×10 Pa

EA.16(a)

T = 310.2 K

5

© Oxford University Press, 2014.

Atkins & de Paula: Atkins’ Physical Chemistry 10e

EA.17(a)

θ / ° C = 5 9 × (θ F / ° F − 32)

EA.18(a)

105 kPa

EA.19(a)

S8

EA.20(a)

1.8 MPa

EA.21(a)

4.6 ×10 Pa , 6.9 ×10 Pa 5

or

θ F / °F = 9 5 ×θ / °C + 32 , θ F = 173 °F

5

Topic B (ii) 29.4 m s−1 , 0.43 J

EB.1(a)

(i) 9.81 m s−1 , 48 mJ

EB.2(a)

sterminal =

EB.4(a)

(i) 2.25 ×10−20 J

EB.5(a)

(i) 1.88 ×10 8 m s− 1 , 100 keV

EB.6(a)

1.15 × 10 −18 J , 1.48 × 10 −20 J

EB.7(a)

−2.40 V

EB.8(a)

24.1 kJ , 28.8 °C

EB.9(a)

27.2 K or 27.2 °C

EB.10(a)

128 J

EB.11(a)

2.4194 J K −1 g −1

EB.12(a)

75.3 J K −1 mol−1

EB.13(a)

8.3145 kJ mol−1

EB.14(a)

SH 2O(g) > S H2 O(l)

EB.15(a)

SFe(3000 K) > SFe(300 K)

EB.17(a)

(i) 1.6 × 10−17

EB.19(a)

4.631× 10 −6

EB.21(a)

1.07

EB.22(a)

1.25

zeE 6π η R

© Oxford University Press, 2014.

(ii) 9.00 ×10−20 J

(ii) 0.021

Atkins & de Paula: Atkins’ Physical Chemistry 10e EB.23(a)

0.47 kJ

EB.24(a)

(i) 1.38 kJ

EB.25(a)

12.47 J mol − 1 K − 1

EB.26(a)

(i) 20.79 J mol−1 K −1

(ii) 4.56 kJ

(ii) 24.94 J mol−1 K −1

Topic C EC.1(a)

2.26 ×108 m s−1

EC.2(a)

4.00 μm , 7.50 ×1013 Hz

Chapter 1 Topic 1A E1A.1(a)

24 atm, no

E1A.2(a)

(i) 3.42 bar

E1A.3(a)

30 lb in-2

E1A.4(a)

4.20 × 10-2

E1A.5(a)

0.50 m3

E1A.6(a)

102 kPa

E1A.7(a)

8.3147 J K-1 mol-1

E1A.8(a)

S8

E1A.9(a)

6.2 kg

E1A.10(a)

(i) 0.762, 0.238, 0.752 bar, 0.235 bar 0.205 bar

E1A.11(a)

169 g mol-1

E1A.12(a)

273oC

E1A.13(a)

(i) 0.67, 0.33

Topic 1B E1B.1(a)

(i) 9.975

© Oxford University Press, 2014.

(ii) 3.38 atm

(ii) 0.782, 0.208, 0.0099 bar, 0.772 bar,

(ii) 2.0 atm, 1.0 atm

(iii) 3.0 atm

Atkins & de Paula: Atkins’ Physical Chemistry 10e E1B.2(a)

1.90 × 103 m s-1 = 1.90 km s-1, 458 m s-1

E1B.3(a)

0.00687

E1B.4(a)

333 m s-1, 375 m s-1, 596 m s-1

E1B.5(a)

(i) 475 m s-1

E1B.6(a)

0.195� Pa

E1B.7(a)

1.4 × 10-6 m

(ii) 8.3 × 10-8 m

(iii) 8.1 × 10-9 s-1

Topic 1C E1C.1(a) E1C.2(a)

(i) 1.0 atm

(ii) 1.8 × 103 atm

− − − 5 3 1 7.61× 10 2 kg m5 s 2 mol 2 , 2.26 ×10− m mol−

(ii) 1.2 dm3 mol-1, attractive

E1C.3(a)

(i) 0.88

E1C.4(a)

140 atm

E1C.5(a)

(i) 50.7 atm

E1C.6(a)

1.78 dm6 atm mol–2, 0.0362 dm3 mol–1, 0.122nm

E1C.7(a)

(i) 1.41 × 103 K

E1C.8(a)

(i) 3.64 × 103 K, 8.7 atm 0.18 atm

E1C.9(a)

0.46 ×10−4 m3 mol−1 , 0 .66

(ii) 35.1 atm, 0.692

(ii) 0.139nm (ii) 2.62 × 103 K, 4.5 atm

(iii) 47K,

Chapter 2 Topic 2A E2A.1(a)

−1 (i) 72 R , 8.671 kJ mol

E2A.2(a)

(i) Pressure, (ii) temperature, and (iv) enthalpy are state functions.

E2A.3(a)

−75 J

E2A.4(a)

(i) ∆U = ∆H = 0 , −2.68 kJ , +2.68 kJ ∆U = ∆H = 0

−1 (ii) 3R , 7.436 kJ mol

w=0 , 0

E2A.5(a)

1.33atm , +1.25 kJ , w = 0 , +1.25 kJ

E2A.6(a)

(i) −88 J

(ii) −167 J

© Oxford University Press, 2014.

(iii) 7R , 17.35 kJ mol− 1

(ii) ∆U = ∆H = 0 , −1.62 kJ , +1.62 kJ

(iii)

Atkins & de Paula: Atkins’ Physical Chemistry 10e

Topic 2B E2B.1(a)

−1 −1 30 J K–1 mol–1, 22 J K mol

E2B.2(a)

(i) 1.07 ×104 J = +10.7 kJ , −0.624 ×10 3 J = −0.624 kJ , +10.1kJ +10.1 kJ , w = 0 , +10.1 kJ

E2B.3(a)

+2.2 kJ , +2.2 kJ , +1.6 kJ

(ii) +10.7 kJ ,

Topic 2C E2C.1(a)

22.5 kJ , −1.6 kJ , 20.9 kJ

E2C.2(a)

−4564.7 kJ mol-1

E2C.3(a)

+53kJ mol− 1, −33kJ mol− 1

E2C.4(a)

−167 kJ/mol− 1

E2C.5(a)

−5152 kJ mol−1 , 1.58 kJ K −1 , +3.08 K

E2C.6(a)

(i) −114 .40 kJ mol− 1 , −111.92 kJ mol−1

E2C.7(a)

−1368 kJ mol −1

E2C.8(a)

(i) +131 .29 kJ mol− 1 , +128.81kJ mol −1

E2C.9(a)

−803.07 kJ mol− 1

E2C.10(a)

−1892 kJ mol −1

(ii) −92 .31kJ mol −1 , −241 .82 kJ mol-1

(ii) +134.14 kJ mol− 1 , +130.17 kJ mol −1

Topic 2D E2D.1(a)

5.03 mbar

E2D.2(a)

+130.1 J mol−1 , +7.52 ×103 J mol−1 , −7 .39 ×103 J mol −1

E2D.3(a)

1.31 × 10− 3 K − 1

E2D.4(a)

2.0 ×103 atm

E2D.5(a)

−7 .2 J atm −1 mol −1 , +6.1kJ

© Oxford University Press, 2014.

Atkins & de Paula: Atkins’ Physical Chemistry 10e Topic 2E E2E.1(a)

Closer , closer

E2E.2(a)

13 1 K

E2E.3(a)

0.00846 m 3 , 257 K , −0.89 ×103 J

E2E.4(a)

−194 J

E2E.5(a)

9.7 kPa

Chapter 3 Topic 3A E3A.1(a)

Not spontaneous.

E3A.2(a)

Tc = 191.2 K

E3A.3(a)

(i) 366 J K −1

E3A.4(a)

I2(g)

E3A.5(a)

3.1 J K −1

E3A.6(a)

30.0 kJ/mol −1

E3A.7(a)

152.67 J K −1 mol −1

E3A.9(a)

∆H = 0 , +2.7 J K −1 , ∆H tot = 0

E3A.10(a)

(i) +2.9 J K − 1 , −2.9 J K − 1 , 0

E3A.11(a)

(i) +87.8 J K −1 mol−1

E3A.12(a)

∆ S = 92.2 J K

(ii) 309 J K −1

(ii) +2.9 J K−1 , 0, +2.9 J K − 1

(iii) 0, 0, 0

(ii) −87.8 J K −1 mol −1

−1

Topic 3B E3B.1(a)

(i) 9.13 J K–1 mol–1

(ii) 13.4 J K–1 mol–1

(iii) 14.9 J K–1 mol–1

E3B.2(a)

(i) −386.1J K − 1 mol− 1

(ii) +92.6 J K −1 mol−1

(iii) −153.1J K− 1 mol− 1

© Oxford University Press, 2014.

Atkins & de Paula: Atkins’ Physical Chemistry 10e Topic 3C E3C.1(a)

(i) -521.5kJ mol−1

E3C.2(a)

−480.98 kJ mol− 1

E3C.3(a)

817.90 kJ mol−1

E3C.4(a)

(i) −522.1kJ mol −1

E3C.5(a)

−340 kJ mol− 1

(ii) +25.8 kJ mol-1

(iii) −178.7kJ mol −1

(ii) +25.78 kJ mol−1

(iii) −178.6 kJ mol− 1

(b) two phases

(c) three phases

Topic 3D E3D.1(a)

−17 J

E3D.2(a)

−36.5 J K −1

E3D.3(a)

+10 kJ , 1.6 kJ mol−1

E3D.4(a)

+11 kJ mol−1

Chapter 4 Topic 4A E4A.1(a)

(a) Single phase phases

E4A.2(a)

0.71 J

E4A.3(a)

4

Topic 4B E4B.1(a)

−1.0 ×10 −4 K

E4B.2(a)

5.2 × 10 3 J mol− 1 = 5.2 kJ mol−1

E4B.3(a)

70 J mol 1

E4B.4(a)

2.71 kPa

E4B.5(a)

+45.23J K −1 mol −1 , +16 kJ mol −1

E4B.6(a)

304 K, 31°C

−

© Oxford University Press, 2014.

(d) two

Atkins & de Paula: Atkins’ Physical Chemistry 10e E4B.7(a)

+20 .80 kJ mol− 1

E4B.8(a)

(i) +34 .08 kJ mol− 1

E4B.9(a)

281.8 K or 8.7°C

E4B.10(a)

25 g s −1

E4B.11(a)

(i) 1 .7 ×103 g

E4B.12(a)

(i) +4.9 ×10 4 J mol −1 = +49 kJ mol−1

E4B.13(a)

272.80 K

E4B.14(a)

0.0763

(ii) 350.5 K

(ii) 31 ×103 g

(iii) 1 .4 g (ii) 215° C , +101 J K −1 mol−1

Chapter 5 Topic 5A E5A.1(a)

0, (35.6774− 0.91846 x+ 0.051975 x2 ) cm3 mo l− 1

E5A.2(a)

17.5 cm3 mol–1, 18.07 cm 3 mol− 1

E5A.3(a)

−1.2 J mol−1

E5A.4(a)

−0.35 kJ , +1.2 J K −1

E5A.5(a)

+4.70 J K −1 mol−1

E5A.6(a)

6.7 kPa

E5A.7(a)

886.8 cm3

E5A.8(a)

56 cm3 mol− 1

E5A.9(a)

6.4×103 kPa

E5A.10(a)

3.67 × 10−3 mol dm−3

E5A.11(a)

(i) 3.4 × 10− 3 mol kg− 1

E5A.12(a)

0.17 mol dm–3

Topic 5B E5B.1(a)

1.3×102 kPa

© Oxford University Press, 2014.

(ii) 3.37 ×10−2 mol kg−1

Atkins & de Paula: Atkins’ Physical Chemistry 10e E5B.2(a)

85 g mol−1

E5B.3(a)

3.8 × 10 2 g mol− 1

E5B.4(a)

–0.09°C

E5B.5(a)

−3.10 kJ , +10.4 J K −1 , 0

E5B.6(a)

(i) 1

E5B.7(a)

0.135 mol kg-1, 24.0 g anthracene

E5B.8(a)

87 kg mol-1

E5B.9(a)

32.2 Torr, 6.1 Torr, 38.3 Torr, 0.840 , 0.160

E5B.10(a)

0.92, 0.08, 0.97, 0.03

E5B.11(a)

0.267, 0.733, 58.6 kPa

E5B.12(a)

(i) solution is ideal

(ii) 0.830, 0.1703

E5B.13(a)

(i) 20.6 kPa

(ii) 0.668, 0.332

2

(ii) 0 .8600

Topic 5C E5C.1(a)

(i) yM = 0.36

(ii) yM = 0.80 (i.e., yO = 0.20)

E5C.4(a)

0.25, 193oC

E5C.6(a)

(i) 76%

(ii) 52%

(iii) 1.11, 1.46

E5C.7(a)

(ii) 620 Torr

(iii) 490 Torr

(iv) 0.50, 0.72 (v) 0.50, 0.30

Chapter 6 Topic 6A E6A.1(a)

0.9 mol, 1.2 mol

E6A.2(a)

−0.64 kJ

E6A.3(a)

5 .80 ×105

E6A.4(a)

2.85 ×10− 6

E6A.5(a)

(i) 0.141

E6A.6(a)

(i) −68 .26 kJ mol−1 , 9 .13 ×1011

(ii) 13.5

© Oxford University Press, 2014.

(ii) 1.32 ×109 , −69.8 kJ mol −1

Atkins & de Paula: Atkins’ Physical Chemistry 10e

E6A.7(a)

K = K c × (c O RT / p O

E6A.8(a)

(i) Initial amounts / mol Stated change / mol Implied change / mol Equilibrium amounts / mol Mole fractions

(ii) 0.33

)

A 1.00

B 2.00

–0.60 0.40 0.087

–0.30 1.70 0.370

(iii) 0.33

C 0 +0.90 +0.90 0.90 0.196

D 1.00

Total 4.00

+0.60 1.60 0.348

4.60 1.001

(iv) +2.8 kJ mol−1

E6A.9(a)

+12 .3 kJ mol −1

E6A.10(a)

−1 −14.4 kJ mol , toward the ammonia product

E6A.11(a)

−1108 kJ mol− 1

Topic 6B E6B.1(a)

0 .045 , 1500 K

E6B.2(a)

1 1 +2.77 kJ mol− 1 , − 16.5 J K− mol−

E6B.3(a)

50%

E6B.4(a)

0.9039 , 0.0961

E6B.5(a)

(i) 52.89 kJ mol−1

E6B.6(a)

1110 K

E6B.7(a)

70.2 kJ mol−1 , 110 kJ mol−1 K−1 , −6.3 kJ mol− 1 , 3.0

(ii) −52.89 kJ mol−1

Topic 6C E6C.2(a)

(i) +1.10 V

(ii) +0.22 V

(iii) +1.23 V

E6C.3(a)

(i) Cd2+(aq) + 2Br–(aq) + 2 Ag(s) → Cd(s) + 2 AgBr(s) (iii) −0.62 V

Topic 6D E6D.1(a)

(i) 6.5 ×109

(ii) 1.4 ×1012

E6D.2(a)

(i) 8.47×10–17

(ii) 9.20 ×10−9 mol dm−3 or 2.16 μg dm−3

© Oxford University Press, 2014.

Atkins & de Paula: Atkins’ Physical Chemistry 10e

Chapter 7 Topic 7A E7A.1(a)

(i) 6.6 × 10 −19 J , 4.0 ×10 2 kJ mol−1 6.6 × 10 −34 J , 4.0 ×10 −13 kJ mol−1

(ii) 6.6 ×10 −20 J , 40 kJ mol−1

E7A.2(a) λ / nm

E / aJ Em / (kJ mol–1)

(i) 600

331

199

(ii) 550

361

218

(iii) 400

497

299

E7A.3(a) λ / nm

Ephoton / aJ

v / (km s–1)

(i) 600

331

19.9

(ii) 550

361

20.8

(iii) 400

497

24.4

E7A.4(a)

21 m s−1

E7A.5(a)

(i) 2.77 ×1018

E7A.6(a)

(i) no electron ejection

E7A.7(a)

6.96 keV , 6.96 keV

E7A.8(a)

7.27 ×10 6 m s− 1 , 150 V

E7A.9(a)

0.024 m s −1

E7A.10(a)

332 pm

E7A.11(a)

(i) 6.6× 10−29 m

(ii) 2.77 ×1020

Topic 7B

© Oxford University Press, 2014.

(ii) 3.19× 10− 19 J , 837 km s−1

(ii) 6.6×10− 36 m

(iii) 99.7 pm

(iii)

Atkins & de Paula: Atkins’ Physical Chemistry 10e

E7B.3(a)

 1 N =   2π 

E7B.4(a)

( 1 / 2π) dφ

E7B.5(a)

1 2

1/ 2

Topic 7C E7C.1(a)

Vˆ =

E7C.5(a)

L 2

1

2

kf x 2

−28

E7C.7(a)

1.1×10

E7C.8(a)

700 pm

E7C.9(a)

(i) −

1 x2

− − m s , 1.1×10 m

27

1

(ii) 2x

Chapter 8 Topic 8A − 20

E8A.1(a)

5× 10

E8A.2(a)

i A ekx

J

E8A.3(a)

(i) 1.81× 10− 19 J , 1.13 eV , 9100 cm−1 , 109 kJ mol− 1 4.1 eV , 33 000 cm −1 , 400 kJ mol−1

E8A.4(a)

(i) 0.04

E8A.5(a)

(ii) 0

h2 4 L2

E8A.6(a)

1  1 L2  − 2   3 2π 

E8A.7(a)

h λ = C 81/ 2 me c 81/2

E8A.8(a)

L L 5L , and 6 2 6

© Oxford University Press, 2014.

(ii) 6.6 ×10−19 J ,

Atkins & de Paula: Atkins’ Physical Chemistry 10e E8A.9(a)

−17.4%

E8A.10(a)

2 kTmL2 1 − 2 h2

E8A.11(a)

n1=1, n2=4

E8A.12(a)

3

E8A.13(a)

0.8

Topic 8B E8B.1(a)

4.30 × 10−21 J

E8B.2(a)

278 N m−1

E8B.3(a)

2.64 µ m

E8B.4(a)

8.3673× 10−28 kg , 1.6722 ×10− 27 kg , 93.3 THz

E8B.5(a)

(i) 3.3 × 10 −34 J

E8B.6(a)

5.61× 10− 21 J

E8B.7(a)

±0.525 α or ±1.65α

E8B.8(a)

±α

E8B.9(a)

0.056, 0.112

Topic 8C E8C.1(a)

0, ±

E8C.2(a)

 1   π 2 

E8C.3(a)

3.32 × 10−22 J

E8C.4(a)

2.11× 10−22 J

E8C.5(a)

4.22 ×10−22 J

E8C.6(a)

21/2, 1.49×10–34 J s

E8C.8(a)

7

1/ 2

© Oxford University Press, 2014.

(ii) 3.3 × 10 −33 J

Atkins & de Paula: Atkins’ Physical Chemistry 10e

Chapter 9 Topic 9A E9A.1(a)

(i) g = 1

(ii) g = 9

(iii) g = 25

E9A.2(a)

N=

E9A.3(a)

4a0 , r = 0.

E9A.4(a)

r = 0.35a0

E9A.5(a)

101 pm and 376pm

E9A.6(a)

2E 1s , − E1s

E9A.7(a)

5.24

E9A.8(a)

r = 2a 0 / Z

E9A.10(a)

6a0 / Z , xy plane, θ = π/2, yz, θ = 0, xz, θ = 0

2 a 30 2

a0 Ζ

Topic 9B E9B.2(a)

(ii) S = 1,0 , M S = −1, 0 , +1, M S = 0

(i) [Ar]3d8

Topic 9C E9C.1(a)

9.118 × 10 − cm , 1.216 ×10 − cm

E9C.2(a)

3.292 × 105 cm-1 , 3.038 × 10 −6 cm , 9.869 ×1015 s-1

E9C.3(a)

14 .0 eV

E9C.4(a)

(i) Forbidden

(ii) allowed

E9C.5(a)

(i) 52 , 23

(ii) 72 , 25

E9C.6(a)

l =1

E9C.7(a)

L = 2, S = 0, J = 2

E9C.8(a)

(i) 1, 0 , 3,1

6

5

(iii) allowed

(ii) 32 , 12 , and 12 , 4, 2, 2

© Oxford University Press, 2014.

Atkins & de Paula: Atkins’ Physical Chemistry 10e E9C.9(a)