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BIG IDEAS Do the following to ensure the mastery of the big ideas presented in this chapter. 1. Meaning of human development- According to Measure of America, human development is defined as a process if enlarging people’s freedoms and opportunities and improving their well-being. It is about real freedom ordinary have to decide who to be, what to do and how to live. The Human development concept was developed by economist Dr. Mahbub ul Haq in year 1970s. 2. Four Princples of human development and their educational implications. PRINCIPLES a. Development is relatively orderly.

b. While the pattern of developmental is likely to be similar, the outcomes of developmental and the rate of development are likely to vary among individuals. c. Development takes place gradually.

d. Development as a process is complex because it is the product of biological, cognitive and socioemotional process.

EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS The principle of cephalocaudal and proximidistal tendencies helps us arrange the suitable learning experiences, processes and environmental set-ups to help the children according to the trend and nature of these tendencies. The principle and knowledge of individual differences reminds us to understand the wide individual differences the surface at all periods of growth and development among children. The principles related to growth and development suggests a pattern or trend for the advancement of children on development path. This principle directs us to strive from the very beginning for the all-around harmonious growth and development of the personalities of particular aspects at the cost of another.

3. Patterns of Development a. The direction of growth following cephalocaudal pattern is from head to the lower parts of the body. b. The direction of growth following the proximodistal pattern is from mid line to the extremities or outward directon of motor development.

4. Two approaches to human development Traditional vs. Life-span Approach Concept

Approach

Development during childhood Development during adulthood Developmental stage/s as a focus of study

Traditional

Life-span

Extensive changes during this stage

Emphasizes developmental change during adulthood as well as childhood.

Little or no changes This approach emphasizes extensive changes from birth to adolescence with just a little and sometimes no changes during adulthood and declined in old age.

This approach refers to the full process of human development from the conception of death. A holistic approach to understanding all of the physiological, cognitive, emotional, and social changes that people go through.

5. Characteristics of human development from a life-span perspective

Development occurs across one’s entire life is lifelong. Development is plastic (changeable or malleable).

Development is multidirectional.

Characteristic of Human Development Development is multidisciplanary.

Development is multidimensional.

Changes in an individual’s relationship with other people, emotions, and personality. (infant smiles in response to parents touch, a toddler aggressively attacking a playmate.)

Produces the periods of the human life span.

6. In one sentence, write the principle on human development expressed in this Venn diagram. The interplay of biological, cognitive and socioemotional processes produces the periods of the human life span characterized by a certain features that is also bidirectional.

7. Discuss the meaning of the quotation written beneath the title of these unit and module. Relate the quotation to your life. In these lines, the poet compares the world we live in as our own and different stage. All the men and woman are only actors and actresses on the stage of this life. All these people have different paths to enter and also this stage has its own ending or the time that they need to exit and go out. Their time in the stage starts when they were born and ends when they died. Every person during his/her life time plays many parts, and life is like a drama and the world is a stage wherein we human beings are the actors.

TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING Put a check before a correct statement and an X before a wrong one. If you put X, explain why.

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1. Development is a pattern of change.

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2. Development is either growth or decline.

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3. From both traditional and life-span perspectives development is lifelong. Only life-span perspective has the characteristics of a lifelong development in the contrary traditional perspective traditional perspective doesn’t have this type of approach.

4. In the development process, there are things that hold true to all people.

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5. Individuals develop uniformly. According to the major principle of human development the pattern of development is likely to be similar, the outcomes of the developmental process and the rate of the development are likely to vary among individuals.

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6. Development is predictable because it follows an orderly process.

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7. Development is unidimensional.

Base on one of the perspective of the life-span perspective, development is multidimensional meaning it involve the dynamic interaction of factors like emotional, physical and psychosocial development.

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8. Development takes place in a vacuum. For development is not separated from outside events or influences. It is always embedded in a particular socio-cultural context.

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9. The effect of biological process on development is isolated from the effect of cognitive and socioemotional processes. Each of the processes can affect all the processes for biological, cognitive and socioemotional are bidirectional....