Bones AND Joints OF THE Pelvis AND HIP PDF

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lecture includes images and diagrams, given by Catherine....

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BONES AND JOINTS OF THE PELVIS AND HIP Functions of the lower limb. - Support body weight - transfer body weight to external environment - Standing / sitting - Balance / posture maintenance Movement; - Locomotion ; walking (gait), running, jumping, kicking Hip and Pelvis. Made up of 3 bones: - Pelvis (also known as hip bone or innominate) - Sacrum - Femur Made up of 5 joints: - Sacroiliac joint x 2 - Pubic symphysis - Hip joint x 2 Bones of the pelvis. Formed by union of the three component parts of innominate bone - One fifth pubis - Two fifths ischium - Two fifths ilium > The 3 bones meet through the acetabulum > 3 separate bones, bound by cartilage, until 15-17 years of age > Fusion not complete until 20-25 years

Pelvic girdle. - The lower limbs are connected to the trunk by the pelvic girdle The pelvic girdle is a bony ring made up of the sacrum & 2 x hip bones - These bones are joined at the front via the pubic symphysis and at the back via the sacroiliac joint - Body weight is transferred from the vertebral column through the sacroiliac joints to the

pelvic girdle and from the pelvic girdle through the hip joints to the femurs

Pelvis Pelvic inlet = pelvic brim -

Pubic crest - pectineal line - arcuate line - sacral alar and promontory. Above the inlet - false pelvis Below the inlet - true pelvis

•Pelvic outlet -

Tip of coccyx - ischial tuberosities - inferior part of pubic symphysis

Functions of the (true) pelvis. - Houses and protects the pelvic contents - Supports the weight of the head, trunk and arms - Allows for weight transference from trunk to lower limb - Supports the birth canal and provides an exit for the foetus - Provides extensive muscle attachment sites

Femur. (L; anterior, R; posterior) - Longest and heaviest bone in body - Consists of a shaft with proximal and distal ends - Proximal: head , neck, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter - Shaft: linea aspera, medial + lateral supracondylar ridges - Distal: condyles, epicondyles

Joints of the hip and pelvis. - Sacroiliac - Pubic symphysis - Hip joint

Sacroiliac joint. - Partly synovial, multi axial, plane

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Back, glued together with fibres Joint surfaces are smooth in infants, develop a series of ridges and depressions with age, more in male than female - Aid in stability ^ - Cavity obliterated with advancing age - Large ligaments anterior and posteriorly - Movements > small magnitude gliding and rotation movements ;

Pubic symphysis. - Fibrocartilaginous joint between the two medial symphyseal surfaces of the pubic bones - Supported by ligaments > superior pubic ligament > inferior (acute) pubic ligament - Little to no movement between bones - Exception is in pregnancy when the fibres soften under the influence of hormones associated with pregnancy

Hip joint. - Synovial, multiaxial, ball and socket - Flexion / extension , abduction / adduction , medial (internal) rotation / lateral (external) rotation

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acetabulum > semilunar shaped area covered with articular cartilage Acetabular notch - Head of femur > ⅔ sphere > covered with articular cartilage, except for small area on head (fovea capitis) Capsular ligaments.

Articular surfaces;

Orientation of the pelvis. Posture Centre of gravity....