BUSI 464 AB (final) PDF

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Running Head: Annotated Bibliography

Annotated Bibliography BUSI 464 – International Market Integration and Trade Agreements Professor Beverlin Hammett Caleb Hempstead Liberty University February 04, 2018

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Abstract The following pages are an annotated bibliography references that will be used in the research paper for BUSI 464: International Market Integration and Trade Agreements. The references come from various sources including peer reviewed journals and government website. All sources pertain to the final paper topic comparing the trade blocs of Mercosur and the African Union.

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Annotated Bibliography African Union Commission. (2019, January 15). African Union. Retrieved January 29, 2019, from https://au.int/ This is the office website for the regional trade agreement, African Union. This website provides several detail information and specifics of the African Union. It elaborates on current members and what countries must do to join the African Union. It also discusses several of the initiatives that the African Union is trying to accomplish in each country and as a whole in Africa. Additionally, provided are several breakdowns by industry and how the African Union has been able to influence each area of the economy. One more specific and unique initiative that the African Union promotes are its prevention methods. The African Union tries to stop wars or other negative things before they can even be started.

Basnet, H. C., & Pradhan, G. (2017). Regional economic integration in Mercosur: The role of real and financial sectors. Review of Development Finance, 7(2), 107-119. doi:10.1016/j.rdf.2017.05.001 This report elaborates on the affects of certain policies in Mercosur. It focuses on how economies are independent by analyzing typical trends and cycles by using significant macroeconomics variables in different sectors of the economy. This article primary focuses on the financial sectors or area of the economy that are measurable by financial tools. This enables results to be more accurate adjusting currencies exchange and comparing to the same denominator. Additionally, this article provides insight and growth for the future of the Mercosur and suggest that deeper integrated economies will be more profitable for each member of Mercosur. It elaborates on this analyzing different business cycles.

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Felter, C., & Renwick, D. (2018, September 10). Mercosur: South America's Fractious Trade Bloc. Retrieved January 29, 2019, from https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/mercosursouth-americas-fractious-trade-bloc This article provides a third-party analysis on the growth of Mercosur. It elaborates on the affects that Mercosur has had in the economy of South America as a whole while also discussing what each member contributes to the whole. Additionally, it discusses the removal of Venezuela from Mercosur and what Venezuela violated to receive that treatment. It also writes on the banning of Paraguay and what countries must maintain to stay a member of Mercosur. Branching from this the article elaborates on what Democratic ideas are and how countries must maintain these to stay a member in Mercosur. This provides the reader with a different analysis of Mercosur.

Glas, A. (2018). African union security culture in practice: African problems and African solutions. International Affairs, 94(5), 1121-1138. doi:10.1093/ia/iiy116 This article writes on the unique approach that the African Union takes in solving their issues. Recovering from colonization and imperialism has given the African continent a unique dynamic in its issues. The African Union promotes the idea of African solutions for African problems. Some have taken this approach in a negative view believing that Africa could benefit from the experience of other countries. However, because of their history and there recently true found freedom, the African wants to maintain their approach by solving African problems with African solutions. This article elaborates on the positives and negatives of this situation.

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MERCOSUR. (n.d.). MERCOSUR Official Website. Retrieved January 29, 2019, from https://www.mercosur.int/en/ This is the official website for Mercosur. It explains the qualifications for being a member, current members, current projects and success of Mercosur, and lots of other information pertaining to Mercosur. It shows the history of Mercosur where it has come from and where it is hoping to go. It provides diagrams, maps, and other sources of information of how Mercosur has helped increase productivity and trade in South America. Additionally, it elaborates on the need of Mercosur for the continual development of South America. It also provided additional overviews and shorted synopsis of the various branches of Mercosur and how each one has influenced South America.

Opara, N. M., Adeniyi, O., Adeyemo, T., Faith-Lois, B., & Ekeria, A. I. (2016). African union and the challenges of development. Journal of African Union Studies, 5(2 & 3), 67-89. This peer reviewed journal discuses some of the struggles the African Union has had with development in Africa. Its analysis the current economic structure of the AU and provides suggestion of how the AU could achieves its goal. Additionally, it elaborates on the goal of the African Union trying to achieve socio-economic integration through a concerted effort. Its methods to achieve this goal is done by alleviating poverty and tackle corruption, to strengthening good governance through political process and civil rule. Backing these methods is a sense of transparency and accountability of the democratic system ensuring lasting freedoms to all members and citizens.

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Santos, S. C. (2015). Identity in Mercosur: Regionalism and nationalism. Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, 21(1), 43-59. doi:10.1163/19426720-02101005 This report describes the struggle of identity in Latin America and how Mercosur has combated some of the stigmas involved in this situation. Before Mercosur and after the independence of each nation state, there was a huge rise of nationalism in South America. Each country was trying to find their identity from there colonizers and of themselves. This created divides and wars between each nation for several years. However, since the negations of Mercosur, some believe that these ties are beginning to shatter and that South American countries are reuniting under a common trade agreement, Mercosur. Because of this economic integration in South America is stronger now than every before....