C1 01 Laboratory Safety AND Regulations PDF

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LABORATORY SAFETY AND REGULATIONSSAFETY AWARENESS FOR CLINICAL LABORATORYPERSONNEL The employer and the employee share safety responsibility. The employer has the ultimate responsibility for safety and delegates authority for safe operations to supervisors. Safety management in the laboratory should...

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CCHM1 PRELIM02 LABORATORY SAFETY AND REGULATIONS SAFETY AWARENESS FOR CLINICAL LABORATORY PERSONNEL • The employer and the employee share safety responsibility. The employer has the ultimate responsibility for safety and delegates authority for safe operations to supervisors. • Safety management in the laboratory should start with a written safety policy. Laboratory supervisors, who reflect the attitudes of management toward safety, are essential members of the safety program. • Employee's Responsibilities Know and comply with the established laboratory work safety methods. Have a positive attitude toward supervisors, coworkers, facilities, and safety training. Give prompt notification of unsafe conditions or practices to the immediate supervisor and ensure that unsafe conditions and practices are corrected. Engage in the conduct of sale work practices and use of personal protective equipment. • Employer's Responsibilities Establish laboratory work methods and safety policies. Provide supervision and guidance to employees. Provide safety information, training, personal protective equipment and medical surveillance to employees. Provide and maintain equipment and laboratory facilities that are adequate for the tasks required. REGULATIONS i. OSHA – Occupational Safety and Health Administration ii. Bloodborne Pathogens iii. Universal Precaution iv. Hazard Communication v. Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT • Public law 91-596 (OSHA Act of 1970) • Public Law RA 11058 (Philippines based) • December 29, 1970 • Their goal is to provide all employees with a safe work environment. • Authorized to conduct on-site-inspection to determine whether an employer is complying with the mandatory standards. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS • OSHA bloodborne Pathogen Compliance Directive, published November 5, 1999. • Establishes the responsibilities of personnel service firms to provide hepatitis B vaccinations, postexposure evaluation and follow-up and record keeping on their employees. UNIVERSAL PRECAUTION • All human blood, tissue and most fluids are treated as if known to be infectious for HIV, HBV and other blood borne pathogens. HAZARD COMMUNICATION • AKA “OSHA HazCom Standard” • Intended to ensure that the hazards of all chemicals used in the workplace have been evaluated and that this hazard information is successfully transmitted to employers and their employees who use the substances. OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS • AKA “OSHA Lab Standard” • Intended to address the shortcomings of the Hazard Communication Standard regarding its application peculiar to the handling of hazardous chemicals in laboratories. • Requires the appointment of a chemical hygiene officer and the development of a chemical hygiene plan. SAFETY EQUIPMENT Safety showers Eyewash stations Fire extinguishers Blankets Spill kits First aid supply

CCHM1 PRELIM02 CHEMICAL FUME HOODS AND BIOSAFETY HOODS

TYPES OF SAFETY HAZARDS Type

Source

Biological

Infectious agents

Sharps

Needles, lancets, broken glasses

Chemicals

Preservatives and reagents

Radioactive

Electrical

Fire/Explosive

Physical

Equipment and radioisotopes Ungrounded or wet equipment; frayed cords Bunsen burners, organic chemicals Wet floors, heavy boxes, patients

Possible Injury Bacterial, fungal, viral or parasitic infections Cuts, puncture or blood-borne pathogen exposure Exposure to toxic, carcinogenic or caustic agents Radiation exposure

FUME HOODS − Used when chemical reagents may produce hazardous fume. − has HEPA (high efficiency particulate air) filter − has sash or window (nilolower when working) − used in bio laboratory (Anachem, etc) BIOLOGIC HOODS − Remove particles that may infect the person working with the biologically infected specimen. − Used in microbiology laboratory.

Burns or shock

Burns or dismemberment Falls, sprains or strains

BIOLOGICAL HAZARD • Health care setting as a source of potential pathogen. • Route of Transmission (ROT) - in breaking the chain of infection. • *by practicing proper handwashing • Susceptible – infected host in continuing infection cycle.

*Epidemiological Triad = Agent, Host, Environment

*Can kill HIV for 2 mins and HBV for 5mins.

HANDWASHING Hand contact is the primary method of infection transmission. Laboratory personnel must always wash hands after gloves are removed, prior to leaving the work area, at any time when hands have been knowingly contaminated, before going to designated break areas, and before and after using bathroom facilities. Main bloodborne pathogen: HIV and HBV

CCHM1 PRELIM02 SHARP HAZARD • Includes needles, lancets, and broken glassware • Must be disposed in puncture – resistant containers • Use mechanical device to pick-up sharps CHEMICAL HAZARD • Chemical spills *prophylaxis : 15 mins contact with water • Chemical handling *acids should always be added with water *inhaling benzene affects bone marrow • Chemical hygiene plan as required by OSHA • Chemical Labelling • MSDS: Material Safety Data Sheet is a document that contains information on the potential hazards (health, fire, reactivity and environmental) and how to work safely with the chemical product. It is an essential starting point for the development of a complete health and safety program. Physical and chemical characteristics Fire and explosion potential Reactivity potential Health hazards & Emergency first aid procedures Methods for safe handling and disposal SIGNAGE AND LABELLING HAZARDS-IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM • Developed by National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) "NFPA 704: Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response" is a standard maintained by the U.S.-based National Fire Protection Association. • Diamond shaped, color coded symbol • Show magnitude of severity from 0-4

RADIOACTIVE HAZARD • Radioactivity is encountered in the clinical laboratory when procedures using radioisotopes are performed. • Radioactivity present in the clinical laboratory is very small Time Distance Shielding ELECTRICAL HAZARD Actions to Take if Electrical Shock Occurs: • Shut off the source of electricity. • If the source of electricity cannot be shut off, use non-conducting material (e.g., hand inside a glass beaker) to remove the source of electricity from the victim. • Call for medical assistance. • Start cardiopulmonary resuscitation if indicated. • Keep the victim warm. FIRE/EXPLOSIVE HAZARD • Fire is a chemical reaction that involves the rapid oxidation of combustible material or fuel, with the subsequent liberation of heat and light. • JCAHO or the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations ELEMENTS ESSENTIAL TO BEGIN FIRE: Fuel Heat / ignition source Oxygen Reaction chain – burning continues and even accelerates.

CCHM1 PRELIM02 GENERAL LABORATORY RULES

HAZARD

BIOLOGICAL

SHARP TYPES OF FIRES AND FIRE EXTINGUISHERS Fire Type

Extinguishing Material

Class A

Wood, paper, clothing Flammable organic chemicals

Class B

Type of Fire Composition of Fire Class A

Extinguisher

Class B

Dry chemicals, carbon dioxide, foam or halon Dry chemicals, carbon dioxide or halon Sand paper or dry powder Dry chemicals

Class C

Electrical

Class C

Class D

Combustible metals

None Class ABC

CHEMICAL Water

PHYSICAL HAZARD • Physical hazards are not unique to the laboratory, and routine precautions observed outside the workplace apply.

RADIOACTIVE

FIRE/EXPLOSIVE

PHYSICAL

SYMBOLS...