CALS183 - Week 4 - Lecture notes 4 PDF

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This course was 4 weeks long and in this document you will find the notes for lecture/week 4....

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Riley Forbes

CALS183 – Communication Methods: Week 4 – Units 16 – 18: Online Learning Units: Unit 16: Persuasive Speaking: 1. Early in the chapter the prevalence of persuasion was discussed. Think of an instance in which you knew you were being persuaded. What were you being persuaded to do? Was the persuader focused on changing your beliefs, attitudes, values, or actions? How do you know? An instance in which I knew I was being persuaded was when watching the documentary Cowspiracy. The main speaker and narrator of the film was attempting to persuade his viewers to eliminate meat from their diet as he believes, and science supports, that animal agriculture is a leading driver in climate change. The persuader was focused mostly on changing his audience’s value and actions in regards to meat consumption and the effect of the environment. 2. Imagine you are giving a persuasive speech on sleep. Draft a specific purpose statement on this topic for a speech to convince. Next, draft a specific purpose statement on the same topic for a speech to actuate. Topic: Sleep Purpose statement to convince – To convince my audience about the benefits of sleep for the body and brain. Purpose statement to actuate – To motivate my audience to develop a habit of sleeping seven to nine hours every night. 3. Draft a proposition of fact, proposition of value, and proposition of policy for one or more of the following topics: a. Shortening class time b. Pro-anorexia images on social networking sites c. Airline fees Proposition of fact – During the summer months (June – August), travelers have proposed that airline fees will increase due to additional demand from vacationing families. Proposition of value – Posted on a traveler’s blog was a comparison her paid airline fee in relation to a description of the flight quality of the top five airline companies. Proposition of policy – Mental health advocates are proposing that proanorexia images, such as images relating to calorie restricting, undereating, and self-starvation, be removed from social networking sites.

4. You have been invited to speak to administrators about increasing alumni support for the school. What steps will you take to build your ethos for this audience? What logical appeals will you make? How will you appeal to their emotions? The steps that I will take to build my ethos, or credibility, for this audience is to present my authentic and honest self, dress appropriately for the occasion, and come well-rehearsed so I can speak with confidence. The logical appeals that I will make will include a claim relating to how increasing alumni support will enhance the reputation of our school. Additionally, I will present data supporting this claim. Finally, I will appeal to the audience’s emotions, in particular hope, by explaining that increasing alumni support and ultimately bettering the school’s reputation will simultaneously increase the amount of students that attend the school and therefore we can increase revenue (either by supply and demand or by accepting more students). 5. Imagine you are giving a speech in which you hope to convince audience members to begin retirement planning while they are still in their twenties. Which of the organizational patterns described above best fits this topic? Why? Describe its advantages over the other organization styles for the specific purpose. Out of the organizational patterns described – Monroe’s motivated sequence, direct method, casual, and refutation – the pattern that best fits this topic is the direct method. The direct method consists of a central claim, which in this case would be convincing the audience about planning for retirement in your twenties, to support with a list of reasons. The direct method best fits the topic as one does not know the perspective of the audience and the direct method is a good patter to use when the audience has the potential to oppose your claim. Additionally, the structure of the direct method is much simpler than Monroe’s motivated sequence or the refutation pattern which will allow the audience to focus on the proposition and supporting claims of the argument over the flow of the speech itself. Unit 17: Special Occasion Speaking: 1. What is the purpose of a special occasion speech? The purpose of special occasion speeches is to allow us to toast, congratulate, commemorate a person, celebrate, and say goodbye in creative and eloquent ways. Additionally, special occasion speeches enable us to reinforce our group identities, to show admiration and respect, and to inspire others! 2. Discuss the influence of epideictic speaking on what we know about special occasion speaking today.

Epideictic speaking is used “to praise or blame, condemn or commend, and celebrate and give thanks”. Additionally, epideictic oratory is “also used anytime we are called to mourn the loss of a loved one at a funeral, congratulate a recipient of an award, or toast a special occasion, such as a wedding or anniversary”. 3. Compare and contrast presenting an award with receiving an award. The primary purpose of a speech presenting an award is to recognize the “recipient and his or her accomplishments pertaining to that specific award”. The purpose of a speech presented by an individual who has received an award is to give “the recipient an opportunity to show appreciation for the award as well as humility and grace”. 4. Why is it a good idea to keep a special occasion speech short (whenever possible)? Because you do not want to “overshadow the event that others have gathered to celebrate”. Additionally, “audience members will not appreciate having to hear an address that seems to go on for a long time”; keep the occasion in mind and focus primarily on the award and recognition that motivated the occasion. 5. What does it mean to “finesse the obvious” in a special occasion speech? To “finesse the obvious” in a special occasion speech is to not insult the audiences’ intelligence, but rather speak with/for the audience (ex. “as we all know…”) when mentioning something of importance that may be well known. Unit 18: Group Presentations: 1. List and explain the four coordination elements. The four coordination elements are: 1. Communicating about group interaction – this includes designating task and individual roles as well as exchanging verbal and nonverbal messages in an attempt to influence one another. 2. Preparing all parts of the assignment – taking into account the presentation style, such as a debate, symposium, panel, or forum, establishing clear objectives, and logistics for the group are all important aspects of a group presentation. 3. Organizing for your audience – relates to how one can best organize the content to fit your audience. 4. Delivering your presentation as one – the aspects of any effective (group) delivery plan include: defining your purpose, preparing the oral content, dressing appropriately, having necessary and useful visuals, and adequate rehearsal time. 2. Define the three types of interaction roles. The three types of interaction roles are:

1. Task roles – emphasize the language and organization of the script (ex. introduction and conclusion) as well as the technical aspects (ex. graphics) 2. Group-building and maintenance roles – building communication and strategies for support and enhancement of the group Often times this includes: selecting a group leader who has a style of leadership that his best suited for your group and building successful communication among members. 3. Individual roles – even if you are not the leader of a group, individuals have their own roles and should be engaged in two critical activities: (1) independent and critical thinking and (2) actively engaging in the work rather than waiting to be instructed to do something. 

3. Describe the difference between a group, a team, and a speaking group. A team involves individuals who are working together to achieve a common and specific goal. A group is composed of people who share a common purpose and helping to influence each other. A speaking group is a collection of people who come together in order to “accomplish message content goals”. 4. What are the two most common categories of conflict? The two most common categories of conflict are conflict of ideas and conflict of feeling. 5. What are the four common types of group presentations? The four common types of group presentations are: 1. Debate – individuals are on opposite sides of a discussion (defense vs. offense) 2. Forum – question and answer setting 3. Panel – experts discussing a topic in a public setting/to an audience 4. Symposium – short informative speeches, often followed by audience questions...