Case based Learning PDF

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HBS109 case based assignment instructions (AT3)...

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HBS109 Case Based Learning Case Study: 30% of Unit Mark Draft (5%) Due Date: Friday 8pm end of week 6; submit via Turn it In under resources and assessments on Moodle. ** More extensive feedback will be provided on your draft to aid you in the final assignment Final Assignment (25%) Due date: Friday 8pm end of week 10 submit via Turn it In under resources and assessments on Moodle. ** The final assignment will be marked according to the rubric, taking note of whether you incorporated past feedback into your final paper.

Assignment Description You are tasked with working on a small case study to extend your knowledge in the anatomy and physiology related to the case study. The case study represents a disruption to homeostasis. There are a number of case studies to choose from and you should choose one case study that best fits your interests and career goals. In your written assignment, you must identify and discuss the anatomy and physiology associated with your case study and how it varies from the "normal" anatomy and physiology. To do this you MUST demonstrate an understanding of how the human body, systems and organs normally function to maintain homeostasis and subsequently describe what goes "wrong" with physiology and/or anatomical structures. For example, what is the role of the gall bladder in a healthy person (Bile storage and secretion), how does a disease such as gallstones affect its normal function (blocks the bile duct) and how does this affect the person's physiology (fat metabolism is disrupted). In your answer you must have a multifaceted approach (eg multiple organs and multiple organ systems) and discuss how they integrate (integrate = how does a disruption to homeostasis in the CV system affect the respiratory system?). Inclusion of graphs, images and flow charts does not contribute to word count. NB: An example of a body system is the cardiovascular system, while a specific component is the aorta. You do not need to focus on the whole system if your case study is more suited to a specific component.

Topics: Choose 1 topic ONLY Case Study 1 Secondary Hypertension Scott Andrews, a 48-year-old male, presents to the GP. He is of healthy weight and consumes a relatively standard western diet. He quit smoking 3-years prior, and despite a low stress and nonphysically demanding job, he finds himself constantly out of breath, tired, having hot flushes, sweating and headaches throughout the day. A routine examination discovers high-moderate hypertension and Scott is given a referral to a cardiologist for further testing. The cardiologist report determines secondary hypertension and mild-left ventricular thickening. An observation of hypokalaemia causes the cardiologist to interrogate Scott about his lifestyle and it is

revealed the secondary hypertension to be caused by an excess consumption of liquorice that became a substitute for smoking. Describe the effects the excess liquorice would have on the renal system, hypokalaemia and hypertension. Your assignment should focus on the anatomy and physiology of the heart and blood pressure, neural and endocrine control of blood pressure and heart rate, ECG abnormalities and the homeostatic mechanisms involved in regulating blood pressure. By the end of this case study you should be able to: - Describe the effects of liquorice on cortisol and renal system. - Describe the effects of liquorice on the body’s potassium levels. - Explain mechanisms of resistance to blood flow and Poiseuille’s Law. - Describe the control of heart rate and blood pressure (neural and endocrine control). NB: In this case study you DO NOT need to focus on the diagnosis or treatment for hypertension. You ONLY need focus on the normal physiology associated with the cardiovascular/renal system and what happens to a person’s physiology with excessive liquorice consumption.

Case Study 2 Growth Hormone Disorder (GHD) Cristiana Messiah, a 13-year-old talented footballer, was recently diagnosed with growth hormone (GHD) disorder. GHD is a condition where growth and maturation are stunted due inadequate secretion of growth hormone (GH). Unfortunately, Cristiana comes from a fairly poor family in Brazil and she is unable to fund his treatment. In this case study you will describe the endocrine effects of growth hormone, paying particular attention to muscle development, bone mineralisation and whole-body metabolism. Secondly, you will focus on GHD as your disruption to homeostasis and describe the effects a lack of GH has on the aforementioned body systems and processes. By the end of this case study you should be able to: - Define a negative feedback loop and explain how it regulates physiological homeostasis in relation to growth hormone (GH). - Describe the endocrine system and its release of GH. - Describe the development of muscle and the role of the GH/IGF-1 pathway. - Describe bone mineralisation and the role of the GH/IGF-1 pathway. - Describe the role of GH in whole body metabolism. NB: In this case study you DO NOT need to focus on the diagnosis or treatment for GHD. You will ONLY focus on the normal physiology associated with GH and what happens to someone with GHD if they are not able to receive treatment. Reproductive physiology is not the focus of this case study.

Case Study 3 Blood Transfusion Reaction (acute haemolytic reaction) 73-year old Ronald Rump contracts the novel COVID-19 coronavirus and requires a blood donation as part of his treatment. Fortunately, his rival Canye East kindly offered to donate his blood. To their surprise, Ronald experiences a blood transfusion reaction, leading to high fever, hypotension and shortness of breath. In this case study, you will discuss the causes of blood transfusion reaction, paying particular attention to blood grouping, antibodies and antigens relationship. You should also

focus on the symptoms and effects of blood transfusion reaction, and how those symptoms disrupt homeostasis. By the end of this case study you should be able to: - Describe the role of blood in maintaining homeostasis in a human body. - Discuss what may lead to a blood transfusion reaction, taking into consideration blood grouping, antibodies/antigens and coagulation. - Describe the effects of shortness of breath on homeostasis, linking this to the respiratory system. - Describe the responses by the nervous and endocrine systems in a blood transfusion reaction. NB: In this case study you DO NOT need to focus on the effects of COVID-19, nor the diagnosis or treatment for a blood transfusion reaction. You will ONLY focus on the normal physiology associated with the effects of blood transfusion reaction.

Plan (5%) Download the Case Study Plan Template from Moodle. Prepare your report using Microsoft Word. Write your responses under the headings and subheadings from the plan document. Submit your assessment as a Microsoft Word (*.docx) to the relevant Turn it in folder.

Final Submission (25%) Choose one case study only. Prepare your report using Microsoft Word. Title page: Please include a title page that includes: Title, Name, Student ID, Referencing style and word count. Word Count: 1500 words MAX. NB: Submissions must be YOUR original work with appropriate paraphrasing. Any source material used, must be appropriately referenced. Academic Integrity: https://www.deakin.edu.au/students/studying/academic-integrity What referencing style should I use? Deakin Harvard Submit your assessment as a Microsoft Word document (*.docx) to the relevant Turn it in folder.

Assignment Format Examples will be provided using hypercalcemia (low blood calcium levels).

Introduction The introduction should include a brief description of the condition/disease and the body systems that work together in an integrated manner to maintain homeostasis. Briefly outline the disruption that occurs to the homeostatic mechanism. Body The body of your assignment needs to address the components outlined in the instructions for the assignment and ensure you have addressed all the aspects of the questions listed under each case study. Do not list the questions and then answer them. You need to write the report in essay form. You can use subheadings as required. • It is recommended that you begin the case study by discussing in more detail the body systems that are involved in maintaining homeostasis with regard to your topic under normal conditions. You can use diagrams to aid in your discussion (make sure you cite the diagrams appropriately!) Eg: The Endocrine system is responsible for regulating the levels of calcium in the blood. The hormones calcitonin released from the thyroid gland and parathyroid hormone (PTH) released from the parathyroid gland act in a negative feedback loop to regulate homeostasis under normal conditions as indicated by Figure 1.

Figure 1: Negative Feedback loops to maintain blood calcium homeostasis (Martini 2017). You would then need to discuss the other systems/organs/glands or vessels that are involved in the regulation. When discussing homeostatic regulation, remember the 3 components of the homeostatic mechanism discussed in lecture 3:

Receptors ------ Control Centres ------- Effectors You should discuss this mechanism in relation to your topic. Each topic will need to ensure that either the role of either the neural and/or endocrine system in regulating homeostasis. You need to ensure three body systems are discussed (this can include the nervous or endocrine system as relevant). •

You then need to discuss the disruptions to the homeostatic mechanisms in relation your chosen conditions. Remember to relate this back to the feedback loops. Then discuss how the body systems or components are impacted by the condition and how they may try and respond to restore homeostasis. The discussion on disruptions are worth an entire category in the rubric – do it right!

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You would then provide a more detailed explanation of how the systems integrate (work together) to return homeostatic balance after the disruption has occurred (acute adaptations).

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You also need to discuss the chronic adaptations that occur which are the long-term changes that occur within the body as a result of the condition/disease.

Conclusion Finish your report with a brief conclusion reiterating the main points you presented in the body of your assignment. References: Your assignment MUST include citations throughout the report. Please use Deakin Harvard referencing style (refer to Deakin referencing guide on moodle). You MUST include a full reference list at the end of your report. Please note that you should only include sources in your reference list that have been cited in your assignment. You must include at least 7 valid sources in your assignments. At least 5 of these should be peer reviewed journal articles. Do not base your whole report on websites....