Case study heart attack 2020 PDF

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Heart attack case study ...

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Angeline Alexandre Professor Bizzarro Advanced adult health May 22, 2020 Heart Attack case study

Part I

1.

Which of Mr. Helms’ vital signs and lab values were abnormal? BP- 90/52 HR -120, irregular R - 33, labored O2 - 89%

2.What additional medical tests would you order for Mr. Helms? In other words, what other information would be useful? Labs: CK-MB, troponin 12 lead Ekg Are you taking any sexual enhancing drugs? Any allergies What were you doing when the heart attack started!

Part II

1. What is the purpose of blood flow?

It’s to deliver nutrients and oxygen to all cells in the body.

2. Describe blood flow through the heart starting with blood entering the right side of the heart and including all chambers and valves.

Inf/sup VENA CAVA- RIGHT ATRUIM- TRICUSPID VALVE- RIGHT VENTRICLEPULMONARY VALVE-PULMONARY ARTERY-LUNGS-PULMONARY VEINS-LEFT ATRIUM-MITRAL VALVE-LEFT VENTRICLE-AORTIC VALVE-AORTA-ARTERIES.

3. What is the function of heart valves? They prevent backward flow of the blood. They act as one-way inlet of blood in one side of the ventricle and one-way outlet of blood in the other side of the ventricle.

4. What is the function of papillary muscles? The papillary muscles are there to prevent inversion or prolapse of the mitral and tricuspid valves via the chordae tendineae on systole.

5. Which valve is affected with damage to the papillary muscle in the left ventricle? The mitral valve will be affected if the papillary muscle in the left ventricle is damage.

Part III

1. In general, how is the direction of blood flow disrupted because of mitral valve prolapse? The mitral valve prolapse causes the blood to flow backwards thus flowing back from the mitral valve to the left atrium to the lungs.

2. Does the mitral valve prolapse increase, decrease, or not change stroke volume (the amount of blood exiting the ventricle with each ventricular contraction)? The mitral valve prolapse will cause the stroke volume to decrease due to blood backflowing and the valve not closing properly.

3. How does mitral valve prolapse decrease cardiac output (the amount of blood exiting the ventricle per minute)? The mitral valve prolapse decrease cardiac output because the blood isn’t able to pump out as it is flowing back into the left atrium.

4. Explain how cardiac output determines blood pressure. Cardiac output can be calculated by the stoke volume multiplied by the heart rate thus any changes in the body that cause the cardiac output to increase or decrease will in term manifest in the blood pressure by increasing it or decreasing it.

5. Why is Mr. Helms’ heart rate higher than normal? Decreased cardiac output leaves larger blood volume in the heart, forcing the heart to pump faster and harder.

Part IV

1. The left side of the heart receives blood from which part of the body? The left side receive blood from the lungs.

2. If the bicuspid (mitral) valve is not fully closing, does pulmonary circulation increase, decrease, or not change? The pulmonary circulation increases.

3. Does pulmonary blood pressure increase or decrease with left-sided heart failure? Explain. The pulmonary blood pressure would increase; the left atrium would be enlarged due to the mitral valve regurgitation. Blood may flow back into the lungs.

4. Does this change in pulmonary blood pressure increase or decrease capillary filtration in the lungs? Explain. It increases pulmonary blood pressure increase the amount of blood flowing through pulmonary circuit thus increasing capillary filtration in the lungs.

5. How does change in pulmonary blood pressure and capillary filtration cause Mr. Helms’ rales (wet breath sounds)? Increase fluids in the lungs causes rales. Increase capillary filtration includes fluid filtration, not all expelled in regular respiration.

6. Why is Mr. Helms breathing rapidly? With decreased O2 sat respiration rate increases to attempt to accommodate for the low oxygen.

Part V 1. What are the functions of the kidneys? Extract waste from blood, form urine, balance body fluids.

2. What is the force that causes the filtration of the blood by capillaries in the kidneys to occur? Starling force is the theory of filtration of blood through renal capillaries.

3. Does left-sided heart failure increase, decrease, or not affect kidney filtration? Explain. Kidney filtration will be decreased because the blood is not traveling through the body at the normal levels thus affecting blood flow to the kidneys.

Part VI

1. How would you expect Mr. Helms’ vital signs and respiratory and kidney functions to change after valve replacement surgery? Explain Increase blood pressure to normal range: normal mitral valve function will maintain normal flow and pressure throughout the chambers. Increase oxygen saturation: normal blood flow through pulmonary circuit will allow capillary exchange in the lungs to conduct at a normal rate. Decrease respiration rate: irregular, rapid breathing will not occur because normal oxygen levels will be conveyed. Increased kidney function: normal blood flow through systemic circulation resets kidney function to normal filtration.

2. Now that you are familiar with left-sided heart failure, describe blood flow with right-sided heart failure. Right ventricle, Tricuspid valve, right atrium, inf/sup vena cava.

3. What are some possible causes of right-sided heart failure? Enlarged right ventricles, high pressure in pulmonary circuit, left sided heart failure, pulmonary thrombosis, acute myocardial infraction.

4. What symptoms could be expected with right-sided heart failure? SOB, fast and irregular heart rate, fatigue.

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