Central Dogma Grade 12 PDF

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Assignment on central dogma info...

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Sivaareni Selvakumar SBI4U1-60 Mr.Field March 16th, 2021

Central Dogma How DNA is utilized by cells DNA and proteins -DNA contains the information necessary to make proteins -RNA carries the information from the DNA into the ribosomes -The correct sequence of amino acids and instructions to make proteins are coded in the DNA -DNA is used to make structural proteins for your cytoskeleton Gene expression -DNA is converted into gene expression which is a functional product -the information from the ribosomes is translated from a code into the gene expression -Transcription and translation are the 2 main stages of gene expression Transcription and translation -Transcription makes DNA information into RNA messenger strands using an enzyme, RNA polymerase, and ribonucleotides as substrates -Sections that are rich in A and T nucleotides from DNA strands are where transcription initiates (promoter) -Transcription ends at the terminator which is a sequence in the DNA -During translation RNA messages travel from the DNA in the cell nucleus to the ribosomes -The ribosomes read the RNA messages and make them into specific proteins -Translation uses mRNA’s to make proteins 2 Interesting things about the process of the central dogma Codons -codons are nucleotides in mRNA that are in groups of 3 -there are 61 codons -There is a start and stop codon -The start codon allows most of the polypeptides to begin with the amino acid methionine -The stop codon signals the end of a polypeptide -Codons are related to the genetic code through amino acids tRNA -The tRNA allows the ribosome to know which amino acids to add for each codon

Sivaareni Selvakumar SBI4U1-60 Mr.Field March 16th, 2021

-The tRNA can recognize the base pair using codons because of the tRNA’s nucleotides on one end of the strand -The other end has the amino acid that matches with the codons One question I still have about the central dogma Are there exceptions to the central dogma? -I would like to know what would happen if there was a defect in the transcription -I would like to know what would happen if there was a defect in the gene expression -I would like to know if there is an alternative way to go through the process of the central dogma...