Ch. 16 Test Bank - Gould\'s Ch. 16 Test Bank PDF

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Gould's Ch. 16 Test Bank...

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Chapter 16: Endocrine System Disorders Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. What kind of control mechanism is indicated when increased blood glucose levels stimulate increased secretion of insulin? a.

Control by releasing hormones

b.

Control by tropic hormones

c.

Negative feedback control

d. ANS: C REF: 403-404

Hypothalamus/hypophysis coordination

2. What is the most common cause of endocrine disorders? a.

Malignant neoplasm

b.

Infection

c.

Congenital defect

d. ANS: D REF: 406

Benign tumor

3. Choose the statement that applies to type 1 diabetes mellitus. a.

Onset often occurs during childhood.

b.

Relative insufficiency of insulin or insulin resistance develops.

c.

It can be treated by diet, weight control and exercise, or oral hypoglycemics.

d. ANS: A REF: 406

Complications rarely occur.

4. Why does polyuria develop with diabetes mellitus? a.

Increased thirst and hypoglycemia

b.

Ketoacidosis

c.

Osmotic pressure due to glucose

d. ANS: C REF: 407

Diabetic nephropathy

5. What is the cause of diabetic ketoacidosis?

a.

Excess insulin in the body

b.

Loss of glucose in the urine

c.

Failure of the kidney to excrete sufficient acids

d. ANS: D REF: 408

Increased catabolism of fats and proteins

6. What is a precipitating factor for diabetic ketoacidosis? a.

Skipping a meal

b.

Anorexia

c.

Serious infection

d. ANS: C REF: 410

Insulin overdose

7. Which of the following may cause insulin shock to develop? a.

Strenuous exercise

b.

Missing an insulin dose

c.

Eating excessively large meals

d. ANS: A REF: 409

Sedentary lifestyle

8. Which of the following indicates hypoglycemia in a diabetic? a.

Deep, rapid respirations

b.

Flushed dry skin and mucosa

c.

Thirst and oliguria

d. ANS: D REF: 409

Staggering gait, disorientation, and confusion

9. Which of the following are signs of diabetic ketoacidosis in an unconscious person? a.

Pale moist skin

b.

Thirst and poor skin turgor

c.

Deep rapid respirations and fruity breath odor

d. ANS: C REF: 410

Tremors and strong rapid pulse

10. Immediate treatment for insulin shock may include:

a.

administration of bicarbonates.

b.

consumption of fruit juice or candy.

c.

induced vomiting.

d. ANS: B REF: 409

consumption of large amounts of water.

11. What causes loss of consciousness in a person with diabetic ketoacidosis? a.

Toxic effects of excessive insulin

b.

Excessive glucose in the blood

c.

Metabolic acidosis

d. ANS: C REF: 411

Lack of glucose in brain cells

12. Which of the following does NOT usually develop as a complication of diabetes? a.

Osteoporosis

b.

Nephropathy

c.

Impotence

d. ANS: A REF: 412-413

Peripheral neuropathy

13. How do many oral hypoglycemic drugs act? a.

To replace insulin in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)

b.

To transport glucose into body cells

c.

To prevent gluconeogenesis

d. ANS: D REF: 409

To stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin

14. Diabetes may cause visual impairment through damage to the lens; this is referred to as: a.

cataracts.

b.

macular degeneration.

c.

myopia.

d. ANS: A REF: 415

strabismus.

15. Which of the following applies to diabetic macro-angiography?

1. It affects the small arteries and arterioles. 2. It is related to elevated serum lipids. 3. It leads to increased risk of myocardial infarction and peripheral vascular disease. 4. It frequently causes damage to the kidneys. a.

1, 3

b.

1, 4

c.

2, 3

d. ANS: C REF: 412

2, 4

16. Why is amputation frequently a necessity in diabetics? a.

Necrosis and gangrene in the feet and legs

b.

Lack of glucose to the cells in the feet and legs

c.

Severe dehydration in the tissues

d. ANS: A REF: 412

Elevated blood glucose increasing blood viscosity

17. A type of diabetes that may develop during pregnancy and disappear after delivery is called: a.

temporary maternal diabetes.

b.

fetal diabetes.

c.

acute developmental diabetes.

d. ANS: D REF: 407

gestational diabetes.

18. Which one of the following develops hypoglycemia more frequently? a.

Type 1 diabetic patients

b.

Type 2 diabetic patients

c.

Patients with a poor stress response

d. ANS: A REF: 406

Patients with a regular exercise and meal plan

19. Which of the following hormonal imbalances causes Addisons disease? a.

Increased glucocorticoids

b.

Decreased glucocorticoids

c.

Deficit of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

d. ANS: B REF: 423

Deficit of T3 and T4

20. Which of the following hormonal imbalances causes myxedema? a.

Increased glucocorticoids

b.

Decreased glucocorticoids

c.

Deficit of ADH

d. ANS: D REF: 422

Deficit of T3 and T4

21. Which of the following hormonal imbalances causes diabetes insipidus? a.

Increased insulin

b.

Decreased glucocorticoids

c.

Deficit of ADH

d. ANS: C REF: 407

Deficit of T3 and T4

22. What is caused by hyperparathyroidism? a.

Hypocalcemia

b.

Tetany

c.

Bone demineralization

d. ANS: C REF: 416

Deficit of vitamin D

23. What is caused by hypocalcemia due to hypoparathyroidism? 1. Skeletal muscle twitching or spasm 2. Weak cardiac contraction 3. Increased secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) 4. Decreased serum phosphate level a.

1, 2

b.

1, 3

c.

2, 3

d. ANS: A REF: 415

3, 4

24. Which of the following applies to acromegaly? a.

It occurs in infants and children.

b.

It causes excessive longitudinal bone growth.

c.

It results from excessive secretion of growth hormone (GH).

d. ANS: C REF: 416

It does not change soft tissue growth.

25. Which of the following may cause goiter? 1. Hyperthyroidism 2. Hypothyroidism 3. Lack of iodine in the diet 4. Pheochromocytoma a.

1, 4

b.

2, 3

c.

1, 2, 3

d. ANS: C REF: 419

1, 2, 3, 4

26. Which signs are typical of Graves disease? a.

Facial puffiness, bradycardia, and lethargy

b.

Exophthalmos and tachycardia

c.

delayed physical and intellectual development

d. ANS: B REF: 420

Goiter and decreased basal metabolic rate (BMR)

27. Characteristics of Cushings syndrome include all of the following EXCEPT: a.

Heavy body and round face

b.

Atrophied skeletal muscle in the limbs

c.

Staring eyes with infrequent blinking

d. ANS: C REF: 422-423

Atrophy of the lymph nodes

28. Which of the following is an effect of long-term glucocorticoid therapy? a.

Decreased secretion from the adrenal cortex gland

b.

An increased inflammatory response to irritants

c.

Hypotension and poor circulation

d. ANS: A REF: 422

Increased number of hypersensitivity reactions

29. Which of the following is an effect of Addisons disease? a.

Elevated blood glucose levels

b.

High blood pressure

c.

Low serum potassium levels

d. ANS: D REF: 423

Poor stress response

30. What is the most common cause of type 1 diabetes mellitus? a.

Increased glucose production in the liver

b.

Destruction of pancreatic cells by an autoimmune reaction

c.

Increased resistance of body cells to insulin action

d. ANS: B REF: 406

Chronic obesity

31. Why does glucosuria occur in diabetics? a.

Excess ketoacids displace glucose into the filtrate.

b.

Excess water in the filtrate draws more glucose into the urine.

c.

The amount of glucose in the filtrate exceeds the renal tubule transport limit.

d. ANS: C REF: 407

Sufficient insulin is not available for glucose reabsorption.

32. Which of the following are common early signs of a pituitary adenoma? 1. Persistent headaches 2. Hemianopia

3. Hypertension 4. Papilledema a.

1, 4

b.

2, 3

c.

1, 2

d. ANS: C REF: 422

1, 3, 4

33. Which of the following does NOT apply to inappropriate ADH syndrome? a.

The cause is excess ADH secretion.

b.

Severe hyponatremia results.

c.

Excessive sodium is retained.

d. ANS: C REF: 418

Fluid retention increases.

34. What is/are the effect(s) of thyrotoxic crisis? a.

Hyperthermia and heart failure

b.

Hypotension and hypoglycemia

c.

Toxic goiter and hypometabolism

d. ANS: A REF: 420

Decreased stress response

35. Which of the following conditions may precipitate or exacerbate hyperglycemia? a.

Hypothyroidism

b.

Cushings disease

c.

Addisons disease

d. ANS: B REF: 423

Growth hormone deficit

36. Which of the following conditions may cause immunosuppression? a.

Graves disease

b.

Acromegaly

c.

Cushings disease

d. ANS: C REF: 423

Diabetes insipidus

37. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma (HHNC) more frequently develops in patients with: a.

type 1 diabetes.

b.

type 2 diabetes.

c.

Graves disease.

d. ANS: B REF: 411

hyperparathyroidism.

38. Which of the following is recommended for immediate treatment of hypoglycemic shock? 1. If conscious, immediately give sweet fruit juice, honey, candy, or sugar. 2. If unconscious, give nothing by mouth (require intravenous glucose 50%). 3. Treat immediately with insulin. 4. Give large quantity of clear fluids for shock. a.

1, 2

b.

1, 3

c.

2, 3

d. ANS: A REF: 410

1, 3, 4

39. All these tissues use glucose without the aid of insulin EXCEPT: a.

liver.

b.

digestive system.

c.

exercising skeletal muscle.

d. ANS: A REF: 406

brain.

40. Differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes include which of the following? a.

Type 1 diabetes weight gain is common, and type 2 weight loss often occurs.

b.

Type 1 diabetes leads to fewer complications than does type 2 diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes may be controlled by adjusting dietary intake and exercise, but type 2 diabet c.

requires insulin replacement. Type 1 diabetes occurs more frequently in children and adolescents, and type 2 diabetes occu

d. more often in adults. ANS: D REF: 406-407 41. Complications of diabetes mellitus include: a.

peripheral neuropathy.

b.

frequent infections.

c.

cataracts.

d. ANS: D REF: 412-413

A, B, and C.

42. Which of the following often causes hyperparathyroidism? a.

A malignant tumor in the parathyroid glands

b.

End-stage renal failure

c.

Osteoporosis

d. ANS: D REF: 416

Radiation involving the thyroid gland and neck area

43. Dwarfism is caused by: a.

excessive levels of somatotropin (GH).

b.

a deficit of somatotropin (GH).

c.

excessive levels of insulin.

d. ANS: B REF: 416

excessive levels of parathyroid hormone.

44. Which of the following results from a deficit of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)? a.

Inappropriate ADH syndrome

b.

Gigantism

c.

Diabetes insipidus

d. ANS: C REF: 418

Myxedema

45. Goiters occur more frequently in persons living in the: a.

Great Lakes or mountainous regions.

b.

southwest United States.

c.

temperate regions.

d. ANS: A REF: 419

areas bordering the oceans.

46. Which of the following is caused by Graves disease? a.

Hypermetabolism

b.

Decreased size of thyroid gland

c.

Bradycardia and hypothermia

d. ANS: A REF: 420

Decreased blood levels of T3, T4, and TSH

47. Goiters may be caused by: a.

hypothyroid conditions only.

b.

either hypothyroid or hyperthyroid conditions.

c.

hyperthyroid conditions only.

d. ANS: B REF: 419

fungal infections such as candidiasis.

48. Severe impairment of all aspects of growth and development, including difficulty feeding, mental retardation, and stunted skeletal growth, are associated with: a.

myxedema.

b.

Cushings syndrome.

c.

diabetes insipidus.

d.

cretinism.

e. ANS: D REF: 422

Graves disease.

49. A benign tumor of the adrenal medulla that secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine is called: a.

pheochromocytoma.

b.

Cushings syndrome.

c.

Graves disease.

d. ANS: A REF: 422

Addisons disease.

50. The anterior pituitary gland secretes all of the following hormones EXCEPT: a.

prolactin (PRL).

b.

glucagon.

c.

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).

d. ANS: B REF: 403

growth hormone (GH).

51. Which of the following applies to oxytocin? 1. It stimulates contraction of the uterus after delivery. 2. It stimulates ejection of breast milk during lactation. 3. It stimulates mammary gland production of milk. 4. It is released from the adenohypophysis. a.

1, 2

b.

1, 4

c.

1, 3, 4

d. ANS: A REF: 404

1, 2, 3, 4

52. Which of the following is a major function of the hormone norepinephrine? a.

Inhibition of an excessive stress response

b.

Visceral and cutaneous vasoconstriction

c.

Increased force of heart contraction

d. ANS: B REF: 404

Vasodilation in skeletal muscle

53. Early signs of hyperglycemia include polyphagia, which means: a.

thirst.

b.

increased urine output.

c.

hunger.

d. ANS: C REF: 411

glucose in the urine.

54. Which of the following hormones is involved in both the stress response and the antiinflammatory response? a.

Aldosterone

b.

Norepinephrine

c.

Thyroxine

d. ANS: D REF: 404

Cortisol

55. Polydipsia occurs with diabetes mellitus when: a.

lack of insulin causes hunger.

b.

ketone levels rise in the blood.

c.

polyuria causes dehydration.

d. ANS: C REF: 407

glucosuria causes ketoacidosis.

56. Metabolic syndrome is marked by: a.

abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism.

b.

periodic hypotension.

c.

deficit of glucagon.

d. ANS: A REF: 407

early onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

57. Compensation mechanisms occurring in the early stage of diabetic ketoacidosis include: a.

Kussmauls respirations.

b.

polydipsia.

c.

ketonuria.

d. ANS: A REF: 410

seizures.

58. Which of the following may occur with a pituitary adenoma?

a.

Low blood pressure and bradycardia

b.

Headache and seizures

c.

Vomiting and diarrhea

d. ANS: B REF: 416

Loss of vision in one eye

59. Which of the following may cause hypertension? a.

Hypoparathyroidism

b.

Hypoglycemia

c.

Pheochromocytoma

d. ANS: C REF: 422

Addisons disease

60. Catabolic effects of Cushings syndrome include: a.

osteoporosis.

b.

hypertension.

c.

increased erythrocyte production.

d. ANS: A REF: 423

moon face and buffalo hump.

61. Blood glucose levels are increased by: 1. glucocorticoids. 2. glucagon. 3. epinephrine. 4. norepinephrine. 5. parathyroid hormone (PTH) a.

1, 2

b.

1, 2, 3

c.

2, 4, 5

d. ANS: B REF: 403

1, 3, 4, 5

62. Which of the following are likely present in a patient immobilized for a long period of time?

a.

Hypocalcemia and low serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels

b.

Hypocalcemia and high serum PTH levels

c.

Hypercalcemia and low serum PTH levels

d. ANS: C REF: 416

Hypercalcemia and high serum PTH levels

63. Which of the following may cause high serum levels of parathyroid hormone? a.

Hypoparathyroidism

b.

Chronic renal failure

c.

Hypercalcemia
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