Ch. 19 Notes PDF

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Kevin Hou

Chapter 19 Notes

12-13-17

Stowe and Helper: Literacy Incendiaries 

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Harriet Beecher Stowe published Uncle Tom’s Cabin in 1852. This further strained sectional tensions. o This book almost made slavery appear as evil as it was. o This book helped start the Civil War, and win it. o Novel was immediately popular in Britain as well as France. Hinton R. Helper wrote The Impending Crisis on the South in 1857. o Aimed at non-salve owning whites telling them that slavery hurt them the most. o Northern republicans spread this book as campaign propaganda.  Further angered the southerners that the North was spreading “false” info.

The North-South Contest for Kansas  

New England Emigrant Aid Company was a famous anti-slavery organization in Kansas. 2 different governments were set up in Kansas: one proslavery and on anti-slavery. o One was fraudulent and the other was illegal.

Kansas in Convulsion   

John Brown, with his army of 12 people, hacked to death 5 pro-slavery men. o First major instance of bloodshed in Kansas. Civil War erupted in Kansas in 1856 and continued until the actual Civil War. Kansas submitted the Lecompton Constitution to Washington D.C. for approval to become a state. o This constitution allowed for slavery and the pliable James Buchan was ready to agree.  Stephen Douglas was not ready to allow a semi-popular fraudulent system happen. He campaigned hard to have a fair resolution.  This was the beginning of the divide of the democratic-republican party.

“Bully” Brooks and His Bludgeon 

Violence of Kansas spread to the Senate floor. o Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts made a long speech denouncing slavery and harassing the South.  Congressman Preston S. Brooks of South Carolina took matters into his own hands and caned Sumner on the Senate floor. o Brooks resigned after this ordeal, but was hastily re-elected afterwards.

“Old Buck” Versus “The Pathfinder”   

Democrats nominate James Buchanan for president in 1856 and Republicans nominate Captain John C. Fremont, a surveyor. Nativism was a huge part of this election as there was an influx of European immigrants. Buchanan wins the election.

Kevin Hou

Chapter 19 Notes

12-13-17

The Dred Scott Bombshell  

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Dredd Scott v. Stanford landed on President Buchanan’s desk a few days into his tenure. Dredd Scott, a black slave backed by interested abolitionists, sued for his freedom on the basis that he had ben a resident on free soil for so long. o Supreme Court ruled that since Dredd Scott was a slave, he could not sue in a federal court. Supreme Court decided to twist this case into a complex political ruling because the issue of slavery had begun to get out of hand. o First, the court ruled that slaves could be taken into any state legally because they were considered private property and the 5th amendment forbade Congress to deprive people of their property. o Also decreed that the Compromise of 1820 was unconstitutional all along.  Congress had no power to ban slavery from territories.  This was about the Missouri compromise banning slavery above the 36-30 line. Abolitionists were angered that the supreme court would make such a decision and deemed the supreme court ruling an opinion. o Southerners began to wonder how much longer they could be in a nation with a north that did not respect the supreme court decision.

The Financial Crash of 1857    

California gold inflated the U.S. dollar. Crimean War overstimulate grain production, over speculation of land, and the new railroads had ripped up economic fabric of the nation. Grain-growing north was hit harder than the cotton growing south. The financial crisis gave republicans something else to blame their failures on. o An extremely low Tariff of 1857 and farms for the farmless.

An Illinois Rail-Splitter Emerges  

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Stephen A. Douglas ran against Abraham Lincoln in the 1858 Illinois senatorial race. Lincoln-Douglass debates exemplified both sides of the arguments for and against slavery. o Douglas’s reply to Lincoln became known as the Freeport Doctrine.  No matter that the supreme court ruled, slavery would stay if the people voted it that way. Douglas’s stance on popular sovereignty gave him the victory.

John Brown: Murderer or Martyr?   

Brown studied historic black rebellion such as Toussaint L’Ouverture and Nat turner. Brown tried to seize a federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry in October 1859. o He killed several innocent people. Brown was an ardent abolitionist.

Kevin Hou

Chapter 19 Notes

12-13-17

The Disruption of the Democrats 

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Democrats came together in Charleston S.C. to confirm Douglas as the presidential nominee. o Most of the cotton states walked out of the convention. This was the first secession of states form a National Convention. Departure became habit forming. Democrats tried again in Baltimore, but several states walked out again. This time however, enough states stayed to nominate Douglass as their candidate. o Mad southern democrats elected their own candidate, Breckinridge, as their nominee.

A Rail-Splitter Splits he Union   

Republicans nominate Lincoln as candidate. Republicans appealed to every non-southern group. Southerners served that the election of Lincoln as president would split the Union in half. o Lincoln was favored to win, and won in a sweeping victory.

The Electoral Upheaval of 1860 

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Lincoln was a minority and a sectional president. o He wasn’t even allowed on the ballots of 10 states, and 60% of voters preferred other candidates. o Lincoln’s voters were pretty much all in the northern part of the union. Despite loosing the presidential campaign, the southern states still had large representation in Congress.

The Collapse of Compromise 

Crittenden amendments were proposed days after South Carolina’s succession. o Constitutional amendments that would allow federal protection to slave states regarding slavery. Designed to appease south. o Lincoln flatly rejected the amendments.

The Secessionist Exodus 

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First 7 seceders (Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Louisan, and Texas) met in Alabama and created the Confederate States of America. o Jefferson Davis was elected President of the Confederacy. Previous president James Buchanan was blamed for not holding the seceders in line with force. o If he did, war would most definitely had broken out much earlier. o Held a “wait-and-see” policy towards the south. Lincoln continued Buchanan’s “wait-and-see” policy.

Farewell to the Union

Kevin Hou

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Chapter 19 Notes

12-13-17

South seceded for a variety of reasons. Most of these reasons had something to do with slavery. “All we ask is to be alone” – Jefferson Davis Southerners were feeling their own type of nationalism, just as Italy, Germany, Poland, and other places around the world were feeling at the time....