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Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology, 9e (Martini) Chapter 21 Blood Vessels and Circulation Multiple-Choice Questions 1) The muscular layer in the wall of a blood vessel is the A) tunica intima. B) tunica externa. C) tunica media. D) tunica interna. E) tunica adventitia. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 2) Compared to arteries, veins A) are more elastic. B) have more smooth muscle in their tunica media. C) have a pleated endothelium. D) have thinner walls. E) hold their shape better when cut. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 3) Arrange the structures in the following list in the order that blood will encounter as it flows from the output side to the input side of the cardiovascular flow circuit. 1. venules 2. arterioles 3. capillaries 4. elastic arteries 5. medium veins 6. large veins 7. muscular arteries A) 7, 4, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6 B) 6, 5, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4 C) 5, 6, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4 D) 2, 7, 6, 3, 1, 5, 6 E) 4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6 Answer: E Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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4) Capillaries that have a complete lining are called A) continuous capillaries. B) fenestrated capillaries. C) sinusoidal capillaries. D) sinusoids. E) vasa vasorum. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 5) The smallest arterial branches are called the A) precapillary arterioles. B) arterioles. C) capillaries. D) venules. E) veins. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 6) The layer between the tunica media and the tunica externa in a large artery is the A) tunica intima. B) external elastic membrane. C) tunica media. D) internal elastic membrane. E) tunica externa. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 7) The thoroughfare channel ends at the A) artery. B) arteriole. C) capillary. D) venule. E) vein. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

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8) Which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers? A) tunica intima B) external elastic membrane C) tunica media D) internal elastic membrane E) tunica externa Answer: E Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 9) After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the A) arteries. B) arterioles. C) capillaries. D) venules. E) veins. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 10) Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue? A) tunica intima B) external elastic membrane C) tunica media D) internal elastic membrane E) tunica externa Answer: C Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 11) The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called A) arteries. B) arterioles. C) capillaries. D) venules. E) veins. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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12) In large arteries, the thick layer of elastic fibers is called the A) tunica intima. B) external elastic membrane. C) tunica media. D) internal elastic membrane. E) tunica externa. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 13) Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel? A) tunica intima B) external elastic membrane C) tunica media D) internal elastic membrane E) tunica externa Answer: A Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 14) Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system, which ________ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems. A) doubles; decreases B) reduces; increases C) decreases; doubles D) increases; reduces E) reduces; reduces Answer: B Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 15) Venous valves are responsible for A) preventing anterograde flow. B) channeling blood away from the heart. C) channeling blood toward the heart. D) preventing blood from re-entering a ventricle. E) regulating blood pressure in veins. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

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16) Venae cavae are the largest of what type of vessel? A) artery B) arteriole C) capillary D) venule E) vein Answer: E Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 17) The layer of the arteriole wall that can produce vasoconstriction is the A) tunica adventitia. B) tunica media. C) tunica intima. D) tunica externa. E) tunica mater. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 18) Of the following arteries, the one that is an elastic artery is A) the subclavian artery. B) the external carotid artery. C) the brachial artery. D) the femoral artery. E) the ulnar artery. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 19) You would expect to find fenestrated capillaries in A) skeletal muscles. B) cardiac muscle. C) the pituitary. D) bone. E) skin. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

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20) A sample of tissue displays many large flattened spaces lined by fenestrated endothelium. Blood moves slowly through these spaces. This tissue sample most likely came from the A) heart. B) lungs. C) liver. D) kidneys. E) skin. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 21) Factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis include which of the following? A) high cholesterol B) lack of exercise C) smoking D) obesity E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 22) These vessels may be continuous or fenestrated. A) arteries B) arterioles C) capillaries D) venules E) veins Answer: C Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 23) What structure do RBCs move through single file? A) artery B) arteriole C) capillary D) venule E) vein Answer: C Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

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24) Capillaries with a perforated lining are called A) perforated capillaries. B) discontinuous capillaries. C) fenestrated capillaries. D) sinuses. E) vasa vasorum. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 25) Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in A) arteries. B) arterioles. C) veins. D) venules. E) capillaries. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 26) Which kind of vessel is also called a resistance vessel? A) artery B) arteriole C) capillary D) venule E) vein Answer: B Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 27) Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the A) vasa vasorum. B) plexus. C) precapillary sphincter. D) thoroughfare channel. E) venule. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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28) The common iliac artery is an example of which type of artery? A) arteriolar B) elastic C) connective D) muscular E) vascular Answer: B Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 29) Which of the following lumen diameters would be typical of a muscular artery? A) 0.2 mm B) 1.0 cm C) 0.4 mm D) 0.4 cm E) 1.5 cm Answer: D Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 30) Venoconstriction reduces the diameter of which vessel? A) artery B) arteriole C) capillary D) venule E) vein Answer: E Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 31) The brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery? A) arteriolar B) elastic C) connective D) muscular E) vascular Answer: D Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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32) Which vessel is known as a resistance vessel? A) arteriole B) elastic C) connective D) muscular E) venule Answer: A Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 33) What vessels contain elastic fibers in the walls that are stretched during systole? A) arteries B) arterioles C) capillaries D) venules E) veins Answer: A Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 34) Which of the following is most likely to result from an aneurysm in a brain artery? A) hypotension B) quadriplegia C) stroke D) myocardial infarction E) pulmonary embolism Answer: C Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 35) Complications related to arteriosclerosis account for roughly ________ percent of deaths in the United States. A) 30 B) 60 C) 20 D) 50 E) 25 Answer: D Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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36) What vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply? A) artery B) arteriole C) capillary D) venule E) vein Answer: E Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 37) Arteriosclerosis can lead to A) hypertension. B) stroke. C) coronary artery disease. D) myocardial infarction. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 38) A vein that measures 5 mm would be considered A) a large vein. B) a venule. C) a medium vein. D) an arteriovenule. E) a venous valve. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 39) The inferior vena cava is classified as a(n) A) large vein. B) venule. C) medium vein. D) arteriovenule. E) venous valve. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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40) Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels? A) large veins B) venules C) medium veins D) arteriovenules E) venous valves Answer: B Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 41) Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following, except A) the pressure in the veins is lower than in the arteries. B) pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein. C) the respiratory pump. D) valves in the veins preventing the backward flow of blood. E) muscular compression. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 42) Metabolites exchange by diffusion with tissue cells in which of the following locations? A) artery B) arteriole C) capillary D) venule E) vein Answer: C Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 43) Which part of the vascular system functions as a blood reservoir and contains over 60% of the body's blood? A) pulmonary arteries B) capillaries C) systemic arterioles D) veins E) arteries Answer: D Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

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44) List in correct order the sequence of blood vessels that blood would travel in the systemic circuit starting at the aorta. 1. venules 5. medium veins 2. arterioles 6. large veins 3. capillaries 7. muscular arteries 4. elastic arteries A) 6, 5, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4 B) 4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6 C) 7, 4, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6 D) 5, 6, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4 E) 2, 7, 6, 3, 1, 5, 6 Answer: B Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 45) The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the A) arterioles. B) venules. C) veins. D) arteries. E) capillaries. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 46) The small vessels that capillaries drain into are called A) arterioles. B) venules. C) arteries. D) veins. E) capillaries. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 21-1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 47) Resistance is a force that A) increases blood flow. B) decreases blood flow. C) never changes in a blood vessel. D) acts with pressure to move blood along a vessel. E) is always higher than blood pressure. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 21-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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48) Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following, except the A) length of a blood vessel. B) osmolarity of interstitial fluids. C) turbulence. D) blood viscosity. E) blood vessel diameter. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 21-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 49) As blood travels from arteries to veins, A) pressure builds. B) pressure drops. C) flow becomes turbulent. D) viscosity increases. E) diameter of the blood vessels gets progressively smaller. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 21-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 50) Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the A) level of oxygen at the tissue increases. B) level of carbon dioxide at the tissue decreases. C) veins constrict. D) arterioles dilate. E) arterioles constrict. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 21-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 51) Blood pressure is determined by A) measuring the size of the pulse. B) listening carefully to the pulse. C) estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff. D) estimating the degree of turbulence in a partly closed vessel. E) measuring the force of contraction of the left ventricle. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 21-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

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52) In what vessel is blood pressure the highest? A) artery B) arteriole C) capillary D) venule E) vein Answer: A Learning Outcome: 21-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 53) Blood pressure increases with all of the following, except increased A) cardiac output. B) peripheral resistance. C) blood volume. D) parasympathetic innervation. E) force of cardiac contraction. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 21-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 54) Which of the following factors will increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries? A) decreased plasma albumen B) increased blood hydrostatic pressure C) increased tissue hydrostatic pressure D) both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure E) increased plasma albumen Answer: D Learning Outcome: 21-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 55) The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the A) artery. B) arteriole. C) capillary. D) venule. E) vein. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 21-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

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56) The vascular pressure that declines from roughly 35 mm Hg to about 18 mm Hg is the A) venous pressure. B) capillary hydrostatic pressure. C) diastolic pressure. D) peripheral pressure. E) pulse pressure. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 21-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 57) Clinically, the term blood pressure usually refers to A) arteriovenous pressure. B) capillary hydrostatic pressure. C) arterial pressure. D) peripheral pressure. E) pulse pressure. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 21-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 58) Averaged over a few heartbeats, venous return is ________ cardiac output. A) much higher than B) somewhat higher than C) equal to D) somewhat lower than E) much lower than Answer: C Learning Outcome: 21-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 59) Blood pressure is lowest in the A) arteries. B) arterioles. C) capillaries. D) venules. E) veins. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 21-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

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60) Which of the following affects blood flow through the body? A) blood viscosity B) vessel diameter C) turbulence D) vascular resistance E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 21-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 61) If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be A) doubled. B) halved. C) four times greater. D) 1/4 as much. E) unchanged. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 21-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 62) In which of the following would the blood flow be highest? A) a vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 2 meters long B) a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 10 meters long C) a vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 4 meters long D) a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long Answer: D Learning Outcome: 21-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 63) Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance, except A) increased sympathetic stimulation. B) elevated levels of epinephrine. C) vasodilation. D) irregularities in the vessel walls caused by plaques. E) elevated hematocrit. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 21-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

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64) Each of the following factors would increase cardiac output, except A) increased venous return. B) decreased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. C) increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart. D) increased blood concentration of glucose. E) stimulation of the heart by epinephrine. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 21-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 65) Turbulent blood flow occurs A) when there are irregularities in the vessel wall. B) at high flow rates. C) when there are sudden changes in vessel diameter. D) when blood pressure is excessively high. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 21-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 66) If a person has a blood pressure of 120/90, his mean arterial pressure would be ________ mm Hg. A) 210 B) 100 C) 93 D) 105 E) 90 Answer: B Learning Outcome: 21-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 67) The continual movement of fluid through the interstitial spaces produced by capillary filtration serves which of the following functions? A) accelerates the distribution of nutrients and hormones B) assists the transport of insoluble substances that cannot enter the capillaries C) helps carry toxins and bacteria to cells of the immune system D) flushes hormones and wastes from the interstitial spaces E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 21-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension

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68) Edema may occur when A) the plasma concentration of protein is reduced. B) endothelial permeability goes up. C) capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated. D) blood pressure is high. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 21-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 69) Relative to the lumen, which of these vessels has the thickest tunica media? A) arteries B) arterioles C) capillaries D) venules E) veins Answer: B Learning Outcome: 21-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 70) When a person rises quickly from a sitting position, A) the carotid baroreceptors become less active. B) venous return is decreased. C) reflex vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels occurs. D) heart rate is reflexively elevated. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 21-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Application 71) The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure. A) critical closing B) mean arterial C) pulse D) blood E) circulatory Answer: C Learning Outcome: 21-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge

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72) The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the A) concentration of plasma sodium ions. B) concentration of plasma glucose. C) concentration of plasma waste products. D) concentration of plasma proteins. E) number of red blood cells. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 21-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 73) Which of the following statements is false concerning the movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial space? A) Blood hydrostatic pressure forces fluid from the capillary to the interstitial space. B) Blood osmotic pressure moves fluid from the interstitial space to the capillary. C) The osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid is less than the blood osmotic pressure. D) The hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid is largely unimportant in determining fluid movement. E) The net filtration pressure is usually zero. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 21-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension 74) When renin is released from the kidney, A) angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II. B) angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin I. C) angiotensin I increases salt reabsorption at the kidneys. D) blood pressure goes down. E) blood flow to the kidneys decreases. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 21-2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge 75) Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure, except A) release of renin. B) decrease in blood volume. C) decreased peripheral resistance. D) increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)...