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Human Anatomy & Physiology, (Amerman) Chapter 26 The Reproductive System 1) Complete this analogy: Testes are to gonads as sperm are to: A) gametes. B) estrogen. C) ova. D) sex hormones. Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: 2) Comprehension Learning Outcome: 26.1.1 2) The reduction in the number of chromosomes to half the normal count occurs during: A) crossing over. B) fertilization. C) meiosis. D) mitosis. Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.1.2 3) A parent cell has 28 chromosomes and completes meiosis. How many chromosomes result in each cell produced? A) 28 chromosomes B) 56 chromosomes C) 14 chromosomes D) 46 chromosomes Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: 2) Comprehension Learning Outcome: 26.1.2 4) The fusion of sperm and egg is known as: A) meiosis. B) cleavage. C) mitosis. D) fertilization. Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.1.2

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5) How many tetrads form during synapsis of meiosis for humans? A) 4 B) 23 C) 46 D) 98 Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.1.2 6) Meiosis is a special type of cell division that produces: A) gametes. B) myocytes. C) hepatocytes. D) neurons. Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.1.3 7) During what phase are homologous chromosomes separated from one another and pulled toward opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers? A) anaphase I B) metaphase I C) anaphase II D) telophase I Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.1.3 8) What shuffles the alleles and causes homologous chromosomes to no longer be identical during meiosis? A) synapsis B) crossing over C) formation of tetrads D) cytokinesis Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.1.3 9) Where does sperm production occur within the testis? A) rete testis B) interstitial cells C) myoid cells D) seminiferous tubules Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.2.1 2 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.

10) Sperm in the epididymis travel immediately next to the: A) urethra. B) efferent ductules. C) ductus deferens. D) rete testis. Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: 2) Comprehension Learning Outcome: 26.2.2 11) Which of the following ducts travels through the prostate gland? A) epididymis B) ejaculatory duct C) ductus deferens D) spongy urethra Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.2.2 12) Which of the following is NOT a region of the male urethra? A) serosa B) prostatic C) membranous D) spongy Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.2.1 13) Which portion of the penis is called the foreskin? A) prepuce B) root C) body D) glans penis Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.2.1 14) Which of the following male accessory sex glands produces a yellowish secretion containing fructose, prostaglandins, coagulating proteins and enzymes? A) prostate gland B) ejaculatory duct C) bulbourethral gland D) seminal vesicle Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.2.3

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15) Enlargement of the prostate gland can constrict the: A) epididymis. B) ductus deferens. C) seminal vesicle. D) ejaculatory duct. Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: 2) Comprehension Learning Outcome: 26.2.3 16) What component allows semen to temporarily coagulate once ejaculated? A) alkaline pH B) antimicrobial chemicals C) fructose D) clotting proteins Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.2.4 17) Semen is expelled from the body during: A) fertilization. B) erection. C) ejaculation. D) coagulation. Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.2.4 18) Contraction of the cremaster muscle: A) propels sperm through the urethra. B) moves sperm through the ductus deferens. C) wrinkles the scrotal skin. D) pulls the testes closer to the body. Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: 2) Comprehension Learning Outcome: 26.2.3 19) The process of male gamete, or sperm cell, development is known as: A) mitosis. B) spermatogenesis. C) fertilization. D) oogenesis. Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.3.1

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20) What stem cell begins the process of spermatogenesis? A) secondary spermatocyte B) spermatid C) primary spermatocyte D) spermatogonium Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.3.1 21) How many spermatids result from one spermatogonium? A) 2 B) 4 C) 8 D) 16 Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.3.1 22) Spermiogenesis begins with a ________ and ends with a ________. A) sperm, spermatid B) primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte C) spermatid, sperm D) spermatogonium, spermatid Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.3.1 23) Damage to the sustentacular cells of the testes could impair: A) FSH and LH production. B) production of estrogens. C) spermatogenesis. D) oogenesis. Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: 2) Comprehension Learning Outcome: 26.3.1 24) What is the maturation process in which spermatids elongate and shed excess cytoplasm? A) meiosis I B) meiosis II C) spermiogenesis D) spermatogenesis Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.3.1

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25) Which of the following is the main hormone that regulates spermatogenesis? A) estrogen B) testosterone C) growth hormone D) inhibin Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.3.2 26) What is the action of luteinizing hormone (LH)? A) LH stimulates the secretion of interstitial-cell stimulating hormone (ICSH). B) LH stimulates interstitial cells of the testes to produce testosterone. C) LH stimulates the secretion of inhibin. D) LH stimulates the sustentacular cells of the testes to secrete androgen-binding protein (ABP). Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.3.2 27) Determine the effect of inhibin on male hormone production. A) Inhibin decreases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. B) Inhibin increases luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. C) Inhibin decreases the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). D) Inhibin increases testosterone secretion. Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: 2) Comprehension Learning Outcome: 26.3.2 28) A male bodybuilder takes testosterone supplements to increase his muscle mass. After three weeks, which of the following do you expect to observe? A) Excess testosterone inhibits production of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). B) Excess testosterone increases production of luteinizing hormone (LH). C) Excess testosterone increases production of estrogens. D) Excess testosterone inhibits production of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: 3) Application Learning Outcome: 26.3.2 29) The movement of sperm, testicular fluids, and secretions from the prostate gland and seminal vesicle into the urethra is known as: A) expulsion. B) ejaculation. C) erection. D) emission. Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.3.4 6 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.

30) Which of the following is under control of the parasympathetic nervous system? A) emission B) ejaculation C) erection D) expulsion Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.3.4 31) An elderly man, Mr. Gee, is unable to maintain an erection. Classify his condition. A) resolution B) flaccid C) impotence D) refractory period Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: 2) Comprehension Learning Outcome: 26.3.4 32) At what point in life does spermatogenesis begin in a male? A) before birth B) birth C) childhood D) puberty Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.3.3 33) Which of the following is NOT an anabolic effect of testosterone? A) Testosterone increases the number of erythrocytes. B) Testosterone increases skeletal muscle mass. C) Testosterone increases bone density. D) Testosterone increases libido. Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.3.5 34) Decline in male reproductive functions occur during: A) menopause. B) menarche. C) andropause. D) puberty. Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.3.6

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35) A seventy-five year old male has noticed he has had difficulty urinating. His physician says his difficulty is most likely due to an enlarged gland known as the: A) epididymis. B) prostate gland. C) bulbourethral gland. D) seminal vesicle. Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 2) Comprehension Learning Outcome: 26.3.6 36) What is the main female gonad? A) uterus B) ovary C) vagina D) cervix Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.4.1 37) Which ligament anchors the ovary to the uterus? A) broad ligament B) ovarian ligament C) infundibulopelvic ligament D) suspensory ligament Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.4.1 38) From its proximal end at the uterus as it approaches the ovary, the regions of the uterine tube are: A) isthmus, ampulla, fimbriae, infundibulum. B) isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum, fimbriae. C) isthmus, infundibulum, ampulla, fimbriae. D) ampulla, isthmus, infundibulum, fimbriae. Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 2) Comprehension Learning Outcome: 26.4.1 39) Where does fertilization usually occur? A) infundibulum of the uterine tube B) vagina C) ampulla of the uterine tube D) uterus Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.4.1, 26.4.3 8 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.

40) Where should a fertilized ovum implant? A) vagina B) infundibulum of the uterine tube C) uterus D) ampulla of the uterine tube Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.4.1 41) Which of the following is the most inferior portion of the uterus? A) fundus B) cervix C) infundibulum D) body Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.4.1 42) What portion of the uterus is composed of smooth muscle and contracts rhythmically during orgasm and childbirth? A) peritoneum B) perimetrium C) endometrium D) myometrium Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.4.2 43) What part of the female reproductive system receives the penis during sexual intercourse? A) vagina B) uterus C) clitoris D) uterine tube Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.4.1 44) What effect do you think douching, or washing, has on the vagina? A) Douching damages the ridge-like rugae inside the vagina. B) Douching washes away beneficial bacteria and alters the pH balance of the vagina. C) Douching removes mucus made by the stratified squamous epithelium of the vaginal walls. D) Douching washes away the cilia lining the mucous membrane of the vagina. Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 2) Comprehension Learning Outcome: 26.4.1

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45) Which of the following is NOT part of the female's external genitalia? A) labia minora B) clitoris C) vagina D) mons pubis Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.4.1 46) Blockage to the mammary ducts of the mammary gland prevents the passage of: A) sperm. B) mucus. C) milk. D) sweat. Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: 2) Comprehension Learning Outcome: 26.4.1 47) What structures are NOT present in a non-lactating female? A) lobules B) alveoli C) mammary ducts D) lobules Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.4.1 48) When are all oogonia formed in females? A) before birth B) during infancy C) at puberty D) early adulthood Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.5.1 49) Which of the following can be fertilized? A) secondary oocyte B) polar body C) primary oocyte D) oogonium Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.5.1

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50) Which follicle contains a secondary oocyte arrested in metaphase II? A) primordial follicle B) secondary follicle C) primary follicle D) vesicular (tertiary) follicle Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.5.1 51) Which of the following is the first phase of the ovarian cycle? A) menstrual phase B) luteal phase C) follicular phase D) ovarian phase Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.5.2 52) Place these stages of the ovarian cycle in the correct order. 1) Corpus albicans 2) Vesicular (tertiary) follicle 3) Primary follicle 4) Ruptured follicle 5) Primordial follicle 6) Secondary follicle 7) Corpus luteum A) 5, 3, 6, 2, 4, 7, 1 B) 5, 3, 6, 2, 7, 4, 1 C) 5, 3, 6, 4, 2, 7, 1 D) 5, 6, 3, 4, 2, 7, 1 Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: 2) Comprehension Learning Outcome: 26.5.2 53) Assuming a 28-day ovarian cycle, on what day should ovulation occur? A) day 0 B) day 14 C) day 21 D) day 28 Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.5.2

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54) In a female, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) target the: A) anterior pituitary gland. B) hypothalamus. C) ovaries. D) uterus. Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.5.3 55) Ovulation is triggered by a surge in: A) inhibin. B) luteinizing hormone (LH). C) progesterone. D) testosterone. Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.5.3 56) Women who wish to become pregnant should have sexual intercourse after a surge in: A) androgens. B) progesterone. C) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). D) luteinizing hormone (LH). Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: 2) Comprehension Learning Outcome: 26.5.3 57) Which of the following is regulated by a positive feedback mechanism in females? A) implantation B) ovulation C) menstruation D) fertilization Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.5.3 58) Estrogens are critical for: A) increased erythrocyte production. B) adipose tissue deposits in the breasts, hips, and thighs. C) increased skeletal muscle mass. D) deepening of the voice. Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 2) Comprehension Learning Outcome: 26.5.5

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59) Which portion of the uterus is shed during menstruation? A) myometrium B) stratum basalis of the endometrium C) perimetrium D) stratum functionalis of the endometrium Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.5.2 60) During which phase of the uterine (menstrual) cycle will stratum functionalis develop with endometrial glands and spiral arteries and veins? A) proliferative (preovulatory) phase B) secretory (postovulatory) phase C) luteal phase D) menstrual phase Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.5.2 61) Which of the following accompanies puberty? A) female climacteric, or menopause B) male climacteric, or andropause C) menarche D) atresia Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.5.2 62) When menstruation has ceased for at least one year, what has occurred? A) puberty B) female climacteric, or menopause C) menarche D) male climacteric, or andropause Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.5.6 63) If a couple want to have sexual intercourse, and they do not wish to use a behavior method as a form of birth control since they know it comes with high risk. What could be an alternative method? A) abstinence B) condoms C) rhythm method D) withdrawal Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 2) Comprehension Learning Outcome: 26.6.2 13 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.

64) A female wants to take a hormonal contraceptive that contains progesterone only. What could be an option? A) spermicide B) vaginal rings from NuvaRing C) skin patches from ORTHO-EVRA D) intramuscular injections of the Depo-Provera shot Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: 2) Comprehension Learning Outcome: 26.6.2 65) What type of birth control may prevent pregnancy by manipulating the hormones and interfering with ovulation? A) hormonal method B) intrauterine device (IUD) C) barrier method D) behavior method Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.6.2 66) Which of the following is NOT a bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI)? A) genital herpes B) syphylis C) chlamydia D) gonorrhea Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.7.2 67) A male visiting a health clinic presents with a pink rash all over the body, a fever, joint pain, and complains of some hair loss. Determine the sexually transmitted infection (STI) this patient has contracted. A) gonorrhea B) chlamydia C) genital herpes D) syphilis Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: 2) Comprehension Learning Outcome: 26.7.1

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68) What is the cause of trichomoniasis? A) interferon B) bacteria C) virus D) parasite Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.7.2 69) Which of the following is linked with many cases of cervical cancer? A) chlamydia B) trichomoniasis C) gonorrhea D) human papillomavirus (HPV) Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.7.2 70) A female patient complains of a greenish-white discharge from her vagina that has a strong odor. She also experiences itching and burning of her genitals. Determine the sexually transmitted infection (STI) she has. A) chlamydia B) gonorrhea C) trichomoniasis D) syphylis Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: 2) Comprehension Learning Outcome: 26.7.1 71) Which of the following may be prevented with a vaccine? A) trichomoniasis B) human papillomavirus (HPV) C) syphylis D) genital herpes Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.7.2 72) A cell with 12 pairs of homologous chromosomes is said to be diploid, 2n. Answer: TRUE Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.1.2

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73) From one original cell, four genetically unique daughter cells, each with 23 nonreplicated chromosomes, are produced at the conclusion of meiosis II of spermatogenesis. Answer: TRUE Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.1.3 74) Testosterone is made by the myoid cells of the male testes. Answer: FALSE Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.2.1 75) During an erection, blood from the testicular arteries fills the vascular spaces of the corpus spongiosum of the penis. Answer: FALSE Bloom's Taxonomy: 2) Comprehension Learning Outcome: 26.2.2 76) The prostate gland releases clotting proteins into ejaculated semen which cause coagulation and temporarily prevents the sperm from leaking back out of the female reproductive tract. Answer: TRUE Bloom's Taxonomy: 2) Comprehension Learning Outcome: 26.2.4 77) During cold temperatures, the testes are pulled closer to the pelvic floor and the warmth of the body wall, and the scrotum becomes shorter and heavily wrinkled. Answer: TRUE Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.2.1 78) Spermiogenesis is the process of sperm cell development. It includes all phases of meiosis and spermatogenesis, the cytoplasmic changes required to form a mature sperm cell. Answer: FALSE Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.3.1 79) High levels of testosterone inhibit gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus. Answer: TRUE Bloom's Taxonomy: 2) Comprehension Learning Outcome: 26.3.2 80) The round ligaments connect each ovary to the uterus and receive an oocyte during ovulation. Answer: FALSE Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.4.1 16 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Ltd.

81) The uterus is anchored by the broad ligament, suspensory ligament, and the round ligament. Answer: FALSE Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.4.1 82) During the luteal phase of the uterine (menstrual) cycle, the corpus luteum secretes progesterone and some estrogen. Answer: FALSE Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.5.2 83) If pregnancy occurs, the secretory phase of the uterine (menstrual) cycle continues and the uterus will continue to develop. Answer: TRUE Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) Knowledge Learning Outcome: 26.5.2 84) The high levels of estrogens during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle trigger release of more FSH and LH, and their levels peak around day 14, which causes ovulation. Answer: FALSE Bloom's Taxonomy: 1) ...