Ch 31 - Lecture notes 5 PDF

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Chapter 31--Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Traditionally, the _______ were assigned to the basal group called Parazoa. A. jellyfish B. sponges C. flatworms D. roundworms E. ribbon worms ANS: B

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REF: p. 641

OBJ: Bloom's: Knowledge

2. Sponges are believed to have arisen from the choanoflagellates because they possess: A. amebocytes. B. spicules. C. spongin. D. collar cells. E. oscula. ANS: D

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REF: p. 641

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3. Sponge larvae: A. are miniature sponges that float about in the plankton. B. crawl along the bottom like an amoeba. C. are flagellated and able to swim. D. bud off the adult sponge. E. float out of the adult, fall to the bottom, and attach to form a new sponge. ANS: C

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REF: p. 641

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4. Most sponges are __________, meaning that one individual can produce both male and

female gametes. A. B. C. D. E.

asexual hermaphroditic indeterminate heterozygous enterocoelous

ANS: B

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REF: p. 642

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REF: p. 642

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5. Digestion in a sponge takes place in: A. the osculum. B. individual cells. C. the spongocoel. D. the spicule. E. the mesophyll. ANS: B

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6. Most representatives of the phylum Porifera gain nutrition as: A. parasites. B. predators. C. autotrophs. D. herbivores. E. suspension feeders. ANS: E

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REF: p. 642

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7. Within the phylum Cnidaria, corals are most closely related to: A. Hydra. B. jellyfish. C. sea anemones. D. Portuguese man-of-war. E. hydrozoans. ANS: C

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REF: p. 646

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8. From an evolutionary perspective, true nerve cells are first seen in the phylum: A. Porifera. B. Cnidaria. C. Ctenophora. D. Mollusca. E. Arthropoda. ANS: B PTS: 1 OBJ: Bloom's: Comprehension

REF: p. 643 | p. 644

9. Which of the following are in the class Anthozoa? A. Hydra B. Obelia C. Cyanea D. corals E. jellyfish ANS: D

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REF: p. 646

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10. The Portuguese man-of-war belongs to the class: A. Cnidozoa. B. Scyphozoa. C. Hydrozoa. D. Anthozoa. E. Cubezoa. ANS: C

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REF: p. 645

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11. Cnidarians are __________, meaning they have two tissue layers. A. diploid B. protostomes C. diploblastic D. bilateral E. hermaphroditic ANS: C

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REF: p. 644

Chapter 31--Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

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12. In cnidarians, nematocysts are housed in specialized cells called: A. choanocytes. B. cnidocils. C. pseudopodia. D. nerve nets. E. cnidocytes. ANS: E

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REF: p. 644

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13. Hundreds or thousands of individuals of certain __________ form colonies in which each

polyp has a special function such as feeding, reproduction, or defense. A. B. C. D. E.

sea anemones hydrozoans jellyfish ctenophores sponges

ANS: B

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14. Among the scyphozoans, the __________ stage is reduced or absent. A. polyp B. hydra C. medusa D. larval E. juvenile ANS: A

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15. The larvae of some cnidarians are known as __________ larvae. A. veliger B. trochophore C. planula D. nauplius E. zoea ANS: C

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REF: p. 646

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16. Although corals can capture prey, they also depend on __________ for nutrition. A. a symbiotic relationship with the photosynthetic zooxanthellae B. a symbiotic relationship with lichens C. the dead animals found on the ocean floor D. photosynthesis since they are part animal and plant E. a symbiotic relationship with a fish ANS: A

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REF: p. 646

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17. Sea anemones, unlike scyphozoans, have a partitioned gastrovascular cavity. This serves as a

means of: A. B. C. D. E.

harboring enteric bacteria. digesting very large food items. harboring photosynthetic zooxanthellae. digesting different categories of organic molecules in different areas. decreasing the surface area of the gastrovascular cavity.

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ANS: B

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Figure 31-1 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).

18. Refer to Figure 31-1. The type of larva pictured at #4 is a: A. planula. B. miracidium. C. cercaria. D. polyp. E. medusa. ANS: A

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REF: p. 646

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19. Refer to Figure 31-1. Asexual reproduction is occurring at point: A. 1. B. 2. C. 4. D. 7. E. 9. ANS: D

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REF: p. 645-646

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20. Refer to Figure 31-1. Which of the following structures was produced by meiosis? A. 1 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 E. 6 ANS: B

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REF: p. 645-646

Chapter 31--Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

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21. Refer to Figure 31-1. Which of the following structures are feeding polyps? A. 1. B. 4. C. 6. D. 7. E. 9. ANS: E

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REF: p. 646

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22. Members of the phylum __________ are the simplest organisms that have a separate mouth

and anus. A. B. C. D. E.

Platyhelminthes Ctenophora Cnidaria Porifera Placozoa

ANS: B

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REF: p. 647

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23. Ctenophores capture food by: A. sticky mucus on their tentacles that capture small invertebrates. B. adhesive glue cells that trap prey. C. stinging hair cells that immobilize small invertebrates. D. digging through the bottom mud for small invertebrates. E. filter feeding. ANS: B

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REF: p. 647

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24. The body wall of cnidarians and ctenophores consist of: A. three tissue layers. B. a single epidermal layer. C. loosely organized cells. D. two epidermal layers with scattered mesophyll cells in between. E. inner and outer cell layers separated by a jelly-like mesoglea. ANS: E

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REF: p. 647

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25. Which statement best describes a lophophore? A. It is a ciliated ring of tentacles surrounding the mouth. B. It is a larval stage found in the Lophotrochozoa and the Ecdysozoa. C. It is a structure used for locomotion in the Lophophorata. D. It is the opening also referred to as the anus in the Ecdysozoa. E. It is one of the openings to the excretory system of phylum Platyhelminthes. ANS: A

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REF: p. 648

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26. Like the cnidarians, flatworms depend on __________ for achieving circulation and gas

exchange. A. B. C. D. E.

blood hemolymph diffusion hearts lungs

ANS: C

PTS: 1

REF: p. 649

Chapter 31--Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

OBJ: Bloom's: Knowledge

460

Figure 31-2 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).

27. Refer to Figure 31-2. Which structure is the mouth in this animal? A. 1 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 E. 8 ANS: E

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REF: p. 649

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28. Refer to Figure 31-2. Which structure contains chemoreceptors for locating food? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 6 ANS: B

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29. Refer to Figure 31-2. The structure labeled 5 is used for: A. food intake. B. digestion. C. locating food. D. coordination of movement. E. locomotion. ANS: B

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REF: p. 649

Chapter 31--Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

OBJ: Bloom's: Comprehension

461

30. The anterior end of a tapeworm is known as the: A. proglottid. B. cnidocyte. C. auricle. D. protonephridia. E. scolex. ANS: E

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REF: p. 650

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31. The nervous system of many species of flatworms: A. consists of a single, large ganglion in the anterior end. B. is sometimes referred to as tubelike. C. includes two dorsal nerve cords. D. is diffuse and netlike. E. is a “ladder-type.” ANS: E

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REF: p. 648

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32. Free-living flatworms belong to the class: A. Monogena. B. Lophotrochozoa. C. Turbellaria. D. Cestoda. E. Chelicerata. ANS: C

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REF: p. 648

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33. Which of the following statements about the first animals to show cephalization is false? A. These animals were triploblastic. B. These animals are placed in the group Lophotrochozoa. C. These animals were in phylum Platyhelminthes. D. These animals followed the protostome pattern of embryonic development. E. These animals had a proboscis. ANS: E PTS: 1 OBJ: Bloom's: Comprehension

REF: p. 648 | p. 651

34. Taking a laxative might have an impact on the survival and reproduction of which of the

following organisms? A. B. C. D. E.

planarians cestodes trematodes nemerteans intestinal flukes

ANS: B

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REF: p. 650

OBJ: Bloom's: Application

35. If flatworms lacked protonephridia: A. they would not be able to reproduce. B. they would not be considered to be hermaphrodites. C. they would have difficulty with orientation. D. they would have difficulty with fluid balance.

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E. they would have difficulty sensing prey.

ANS: D

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REF: p. 649

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36. The type of excretory structures characteristic of class Turbellaria are: A. protonemas. B. protonephridia. C. nephridia. D. Malpighian tubules. E. antennal organs. ANS: B

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REF: p. 649

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37. If it were possible, which of the following methods would be the most effective at eliminating

parasitic flukes? A. B. C. D. E.

eliminate clams from the ocean shoreline eliminate freshwater snails avoid eating undercooked pork avoid eating undercooked beef avoid coming in contact with infected individuals

ANS: B

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REF: p. 650

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38. The intermediate host for many flukes is a: A. human. B. cow. C. dog. D. cat. E. snail. ANS: E

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REF: p. 650

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39. Tapeworm(s): A. have a tubelike digestive system. B. have a closed circulatory system. C. bodies consist of hundreds of reproductive segments. D. have a well developed sensory system to find vertebrate hosts. E. life cycles are simple and completed in their vertebrate hosts. ANS: C

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REF: p. 651

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40. Ribbon worms have a unique __________ that is used to capture prey. A. proboscis B. tentacle C. set of jaws D. claw E. forked leg ANS: A

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REF: p. 651

Chapter 31--Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

OBJ: Bloom's: Knowledge

463

Figure 31-3 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).

41. The structure shown in Figure 31-3 is from an animal in phylum: A. Cestoda. B. Turbellaria. C. Trematoda. D. Monogenea. E. Platyhelminthes. ANS: E PTS: 1 OBJ: Bloom's: Comprehension

REF: p. 648 | p. 651

42. Refer to Figure 31-3. The structures labeled 1 are used for: A. feeding. B. reproduction. C. attachment. D. movement. E. protection. ANS: C

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REF: p. 650-651

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43. The individual cars of a freight train could be used to describe: A. the structure of a cestode. B. the structure of a mollusk. C. the structure of a gastropod. D. the structure of a chiton. E. the structure of a nemertean. ANS: A

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REF: p. 650-651

Chapter 31--Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

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44. Most mollusks are: A. found in fresh water. B. marine. C. terrestrial. D. arboreal. E. parasitic. ANS: B

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REF: p. 652

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45. Which of the following characteristics is not associated with nemerteans? A. presence of a true coelomic space, the rhynchocoel B. blood vessels C. a heart D. a proboscis E. a tube-within-a-tube body plan. ANS: C

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REF: p. 651-652

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46. Which of the following terms can be associated with many species of mollusks? A. chelicerae B. pupa C. radula D. pen E. internal shell ANS: C

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REF: p. 652

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REF: p. 654

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47. The veliger larval form is unique to: A. insects. B. annelids. C. molluscs. D. arthropods. E. crustaceans. ANS: C

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48. A closed circulatory system is found in the: A. Cephalopoda. B. Turbellaria. C. Bivalvia. D. Gastropoda. E. Polyplacophora. ANS: A

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REF: p. 654

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49. An animal found in the rocky intertidal zone has eight overlapping plates and is tightly

adhering to the rock with a muscular foot. This animal is most likely a member of the class: A. B. C. D.

Polyplacophora. Polychaeta. Bivalvia. Gastropoda.

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E. Cephalopoda.

ANS: A

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REF: p. 654

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50. Which of the following is a shell-less mollusk? A. a nudibranch B. a scallop C. a pulmonate gastropod D. a chiton E. a squid ANS: A

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REF: p. 654

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51. If you are going to go fishing in fresh water you most likely will use members of which

phylum and class as bait? A. B. C. D. E.

Annelida: Oligochaeta Molluska: Gastropoda Oligochaeta: Nemertea Polychaeta: Oligochaeta Lumbricus: Terrestris

ANS: A

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REF: p. 656-658

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REF: p. 655

OBJ: Bloom's: Knowledge

REF: p. 655

OBJ: Bloom's: Knowledge

52. Members of the class Bivalvia: A. have gills that secrete the shell. B. have a mantle that may form pearls. C. are all sessile. D. all have a radula. E. have a broad foot used for locomotion. ANS: B

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53. Clams and oysters are: A. detritivores. B. herbivores C. omnivores. D. carnivores. E. filter feeders. ANS: E

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54. A major disadvantage to torsion is that: A. the animal could die as a result of taking in waste products. B. the animal loses its excretory structures and must rely on diffusion. C. the mantle no longer covers the visceral mass. D. the animal is left with an incomplete digestive tract. E. the foot is displaced toward the anterior region. ANS: A

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REF: p. 655

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55. Torsion may be an adaptation in __________ that allows the __________ to be withdrawn

first into the shell. A. bivalves; foot B. bivalves; head C. gastropods; foot

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D. gastropods; head E. cephalopods; head

ANS: D

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REF: p. 655

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Figure 31-4 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).

56. The larva in Figure 31-4 is: A. a veliger. B. a glochidium. C. a trochophore. D. a nauplius. E. a pupa. ANS: C

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REF: p. 654

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57. The larva in Figure 31-4 is characteristic of: A. arthropods. B. mollusks. C. cnidarians. D. platyhelminths. E. nematodes. ANS: B

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REF: p. 654

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58. Which of the following is an adaptation that enables cephalopods to escape from their

predators? A. B. C. D. E.

torsion poisonous salivary secretions a hard shell rapidly changing colors a modified radula

ANS: D

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REF: p. 656

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59. Annelids: A. have a visceral mass. B. have a segmented body.

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C. surround their body with a mantle. D. move with a muscular foot. E. have an open circulatory system.

ANS: B

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Figure 31-5 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s).

60. Refer to Figure 31-5. In which class is this organism placed? A. Cephalopoda B. Gastropoda C. Polyplacophora D. Bivalvia E. Chromodoris ANS: D PTS: 1 OBJ: Bloom's: Comprehension

REF: p. 653 | p. 655

61. Refer to Figure 31-5. Which number has been placed on the dorsal surface? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 8 ANS: A

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62. Refer to Figure 31-5. What is the function of the structure labeled 5? A. circulation B. reproduction C. digestion D. movement E. respiration ANS: C

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63. Refer to Figure 31-5. What is the function of the structure labeled 6? A. circulation B. reproduction C. digestion D. movement

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E. respiration

ANS: A

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64. Refer to Figure 31-5. Which structure is involved in respiration? A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8 E. 9 ANS: E

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65. Which of the following terms is associated with polychaetes? A. radula B. metamorphosis C. parapodia D. mantle E. visceral mass ANS: C

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REF: p. 657

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66. Critical to polychaete and oligochaete locomotion are: A. jointed appendages. B. parapodia. C. setae. D. fins....