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TestBanks Chapter 11 Emerging Adulthood: Body, Mind, and Social World

Part 1

1

A person between the ages of 18 and 25 is entering a stage developmentalists call: A. adulthood. B. emerging adulthood. C. post-adolescence. D. young adulthood. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: B

2

Which statement about emerging adults is true around the world? A. they are marrying later than their parents did in the United States and Europe. B. their college graduation rates are about 75 percent. C. they have more years of education and marry later than their parents did. D. they are marrying at younger ages than their parents did.

Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

3

Emerging adulthood has traditionally been the optimal time for hard physical work, athletic achievement, and:

A. job success. B. relationship satisfaction. C. peer relationships. D. childbearing. Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: D

4 Generally, early adulthood is characterized by _____ health

A. optimal B. failing C. slowly improving D. fair to poor Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: A

5

Which statement is false about people between the ages of 18 and 25?

A. death from disease at this age is rare

B. some people outgrow childhood ailments like asthma at this age C.diet and exercise practices tend to improve during this time period D. they undergo routine diagnostic tests such as colonoscopies Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: D

6

Low birth weight, undernutrition in infancy, and rapid weight gain in early childhood are associated with _____ in emerging adulthood. A. risk-taking behaviours

B. psychopathology

C. a higher risk of disease

D. asthma

Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

7

During emerging adulthood, all body systems function: A. poorly B. optimally C. to the same as those of adolescents D. to the same as those of middle-aged adults Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: B

8

Claudia lives in the United States. She began using an IUD at age 18 but became pregnant and had her first baby. Claudia’s case is: A. typical of a first pregnancy in the United States B. an illustration of the high failure rates of IUDs C. atypical because IUDs rarely fail D. atypical because she is 18 years old

Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

9

Many emerging adults want to engage in sexual activity but know that they are not emotionally ready to be parents. Their solution is: A. cohabitation

B. monogamy

C. contraception

D. early marriage

Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

10

About one-fourth of emerging adults believe that living together before marriage is bad for society, but over half of _____do. A. married people B. older adults C. children D. teenagers

11

Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: B

With regard to modern contraception, _____ has a failure rates of about 1 in 400 women. A. the pill B. the hormone implant C. the condom D. abstinence

12

Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: B

Delilah is current a 22-year-old college student. Like most of her peers she believes that premarital sex is: A. okay if you plan to get married B. wrong C. acceptable D. very risky Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

13

About _____ percent of all new cases of STIs worldwide occur in people under the age of 26.

A. 10 B. 25 C. 50 D. 75 Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

14

A vector is: A. a person who dies from a disease B. a type of sexually transmitted disease C. a person who spreads a disease D. someone ho has a communicable illness Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

15

Which phenomenon has contributed to the worldwide spread of sexually transmitted infections? A. serial monogamy B. easy international travel C. localized prostitution D. modern contraception Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: B

16

About _____ percent of females with AIDS contracted it through rape. A. 5 B. 10 C. 20 D. 50 Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

17 Largely due to the sexual activities of young adults, _____ has become a worldwide epidemic in the past 20 years. A. premarital sex B. HIV C. teen pregnancy D. contraception Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: B

18 Which behaviour is NOT due to the common risk taking in emerging adulthood?

A. joining the Peace Corps B. enlisting in the army C. avoiding contact sports D. moving away to college Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

19

Risk taking during early adulthood:

A. is usually beneficial to society B. is usually harmful to society C. rarely has an effect on society D. may benefit or harm society Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: D

20 Joya is 22 years old. Statistically, she is MOST likely to:

A. smoke cigarettes

B. binge drink C. use illegal drugs

D. be an addict

Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: B

21

Emerging adults are in a high-risk category for:

A. serious injury and violent death B. complications from surgery C. age discimination D. infertility Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: A

22

Shaun has just taken a position as a nurse in the emergency room at a local hospital. He is likely to notice: A. an absence of young adults in the emergency room B. young adults who do not respond to typical doses of medications C. young adults with a variety of injuries D. young adults suffering from heart disease, cancer, and stroke Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

23

Using a drug in a quantity or a manner that harms physical, cognitive, or psychosocial well- being is called drug: A. abuse B. use C. addiction D. dependence Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: A

24

Statistically, which of these 20-year-olds would be the most likely to engage in extreme drinking? A. Henry, who did not go to college and works full-time B. Stanley, who is a college junior C. Hillary, who graduated from college ten years ago D. Jessica, who did not go to college and works part-time Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: B

25

A possible fifth stage of cognitive development that characterizes adult thinking is: A. preformal thought B. semiformal thought

C. informal thought D. postformal thought

Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: D

26

Some researchers believe there is a fifth stage of cognition called postformal thought, which is characterized by: A. analytic thinking B. problem solving C. problem finding D. intuition

Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

27

A longitudinal study showed that recent college graduates _____ in critical thinking, analysis, and communication as compared to graduates twenty years ago. A. performed equally well B. made half the growth C. made twice the growth D. did not improve

28

Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: B

In late adolescence and emerging adulthood, people are able to use both emotion and logic when grappling with personal and social problems; such thinking demonstrates _____ thought. A. postformal B. informal C. preformal D. nonformal

29

Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: A

A shift from “problem solving” to “problem finding” reflects the development of: A. stereotype threat

B. postformal thought

C. vocational identity

D. massification

Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: B

30

Which continues to improve in MOST people beyond the age of emerging adulthood whether or not they go to college? A. analytic thought

B. intuitive thought

C. hypothetical thought

D. social understanding

Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: D

31

Most contemporary cognitive scientists _____ Piaget's last stage of cognitive development (formal operational). A. agree with B. seek to replicate C. find fault with D. base their research on Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

32

According to Labouvie-Vief,_____ describes the cognitive development of the emerging adult. A. critical, emotional thinking B. logical thinking without emotion C. complex, integrated, logical thinking D. hypothetical logic Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

33

On average, emerging adults today show _____ compared toolder adults.

A. implicit signs of prejudice

B. unconscious tolerance C. increased stereotyping

D. less prejudice overall

Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: D

34

The possibility that one's appearance or behavior will be misused to confirm another person's oversimplified, prejudiced attitude is referred to as: A. overcompensation B. dialectical thought C. stereotpe threat D. disidentification

Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

35

Grant is a fun-loving, intelligent, responsible teenager who likes to dye his hair different colors. However, he is concerned that other people might construe his hair color as a reflection of poor academic achievement. His concern is an example of: A. cognitive flexibility B. effortful control C. postconventional thinking D. stereotype threat

Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: D

36

Identify the possible reaction to stereotype threat. A. the high school drop-out rate for African American males B. young girls' preference for playing with dolls over trucks C. married couples' arguments about money D. college students' practice of referring to professors by their last names Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: A

37 In the stereotype-threat study in which college students were taught about intelligence research, which group showed the most improvement in attitudes about academic achievement and grades? A. European American students who were taught that intelligence is plastic B. African American students who were taught that intelligence is plastic C. European American students who were taught about multiple intelligences D. African American students who were taught about multiple intelligences Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: B

38 According to theory of stereotype threat, thinking that one may be negatively compared to another group is MOST apt to: A. cause on to try harder B. has no effect on one C. cause one to underperform D. causes one to dislike that group Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

39

Jackson is experiencing stereotype threat. Research indicates that its effects can be reduced by A. convincing Jackson that his achievement depends on hard work B. raising Jackson's self-esteem through positive feedback C. showing Jackson that other groups perform worse D. giving Jackson additional tutoring in materials he finds challenging Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: A

40

Which statement made by a teacher is MOST likely to activate stereotype threat? A. "This exam will show what you have learned in this chapter." B. "This exam counts 30 percent towards your final grade." C. "Your grade on this exam will show the amount of effort you've put into the class." D. "This exam will show which gender has better grammatical skills." Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: D

41

Compared to individuals without a college education, those with a college education tend to be: A. healthier and wealthier B. more intelligent C. married D. more likely to smoke Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: A

42

The term massification means that: A. college gives people better long-term health B. mass practice can defeat stereotype threat C. obesity increases for every year of education a person has D. college could benefit everyone

Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: D

43

Genevieve is about to complete her bachelor's degree. If she is typical, once she is established in her career she will earn approximately _____ more per year than a peer without a college degree.

A. $10,000 B. $15,000 C. $20,000 D. $30,000 Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

44

The people MOST apt to become postformal thinkers are those who: A. do not go to college

B. attend college part time after emerging adulthood

C. attend universities instead of community college

D. have friends from diverse backgrounds Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: D

45

The recent effort by countries around the world to increase the number of young people attending college is prompted by national governments' belief in: A. stereotype threat B. moratorium C. massification D. linked lives

Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

46

According to Perry's research, the first phase of college students' thinking is: A. questioning personal and social values B. believing in the existence of absolute right and wrong C. carefully considering many opposing ideas D. becoming committed to a set of personal values

Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: B

47

Perry found that over the four years of their college careers, students typically:

A. move from a relativistic to a dualistic approach B. change their viewpoints very little C. stick to their own views when faced with conflicts D. move through nine levels of complexity in their thinking

48

Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: D Jordan is a freshman in college and is at the very beginning of Perry's scheme of cognitive development. He believes that: A. everyone has the right to his or her own opinion

B. authorities know what is right C. authorities don't know everything D. everything is relative

49

Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: B

A longitudinal study done by Arum and colleagues on a cross-section of U.S. college students found that students' cognitive growth was _____ that of college students 20 years ago.

A. half of B. comparable to C. twice D. three times

Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: A

50

In almost every developed nation today, it is true that _____ are college students. A. more females than males

B. more males than females C. an equal number of males and females D. more middle aged adults than emerging adults

51

Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: A

What is decreasing in the U.S. higher education system?

A. the number of part-time students B. the number of students from non-European backgrounds C. the number of students over the age of 24 D. the number of single-sex campuses

52

Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: D

Compared to 1970, today's college population in developed countries worldwide: A. has a larger proportion of males B. is more diverse C. includes more liberal arts majors D. has fewer minority students

Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: B

53

Which statement is true? A. The increased diversity of the college atmosphere encourages cognitive development B. A college education had more positive effects on cognitive development in the past than today C. Since many students drop out of college, estimating the effect of college education on cognitive development is complicated D. Diversity has decreased the long-term effects of a college education Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: A

54

Compared to college students 30 years ago, more students today are: A. seeking a well-rounded education B. interested in gaining critical thinking skills C. focusing on career preparation D. majoring in liberal arts Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: C

55

According to the 2011 research conducted by Pryor et al, the number one reason more than 9 out of 10 U.S. students cite for selecting a major is based on:

A. gaining career training B. getting a better job C. preparing for graduate school D. becoming more cultured Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: B

56

Research indicates that if a person wants to increase his or her critical thinking ability in college, that person should take a: A. a business class heavy on statistics B. a philosophy class graded with multiple-choice exams C. a biology class requiring lots of memorization D. a sociology class that requires lots of reading and writing

57

Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: D

Professor Mtukudzi finished school in 1960 and loved his experience. He is MOST apt to believe the reason for a student to attend college should be to increase the student's: A. earning potential B. personal and intellectual growth C. specific skills and knowledge D. social skills Answer Point Value: 1.0 points Answer Key: B...