Ch16 Question Bank With Solutions PDF

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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question 1) What proportion of the world's drinking water is supplied by groundwater aquifers? A) 25% B) 40% C) 87% 50%

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2) What proportion of the world's water for industrial use (cooling, solvation, transport, manufacturing etc.) is supplied by groundwater aquifers? A) 50% B) 40% C) 87% 25%

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3) What proportion of the world's water for agriculture (irrigation, greenhouses, golf courses) is supplied by groundwater aquifers? A) 25% B) 50% 40% D) 87%

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4) ________ account for the largest usage of groundwater in North America A) Water for livestock and poultry B) Industrial uses C) Domestic and municipal supplies Agriculture and irrigation

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5) Where does the majority of fresh groundwater reside? A) as large stationary bodies in enormous underground caverns in pores within soils and sediments or in fractures in rocks C) as superheated steam in vast hotspring and geyser fields D) flowing in large underground rivers

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6) After ice sheets and glaciers, ________ contains the next highest percentage of Earth's freshwate that is readily accessible to humans. A) the atmosphere B) lakes and rivers groundwater D) Dasani/Coca-cola Ltd.

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7) Which reservoir of the hydrosphere would you describe as containing the largest fraction of Earth's liquid freshwater? A) glaciers and ice sheets B) lakes and reservoirs C) soil moisture groundwater

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8) Which reservoir of the hydrosphere would you describe as containing only a small fraction of Earth's freshwater that is well mixed and exchanged continually? A) soil moisture B) groundwater the atmosphere D) lakes and reservoirs

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9) Where does the majority of groundwater originate? A) by primordial outgassing from magmatic intrusions B) it was deposited along with the sediments that contain it C) released from minerals undergoing diagenetic and metamorphic dehydration reactions by infiltration from precipitation that falls on the land

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10) What is the "belt of soil moisture " ? A) the layer in the ground with the largest roots, just beneath the zone of saturation at shallow depth, a surface film of water retained on soil, sediment, or organic particles C) where permafrost has melted leaving completely saturated soils D) a viable farming region across southern Alberta and Saskatchewan without rain

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11) Groundwater is tightly held by surface tension to mineral grains or other soil particles in the ________ and actually "wicks up" significant distances above the regional water table. A) gitchee gumee capillary fringe C) aquiclude D) zone if saturation

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12) A water table is the ________. A) boundary between the zone of saturation above and partly saturated zone below boundary between the zone of aeration above and zone of saturation below C) boundary between the zones of aeration and saturation D) bottom boundary surface of the zone of saturation above an aquitard

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13) The water table is ________. A) a boundary between unsaturated bedrock below and saturated bedrock above B) a flat underground layer of partly saturated rock a boundary between saturated soil/rock below and unsaturated soil/rock above D) a boundary between unsaturated bedrock and an underground rive

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14) The zone of aeration ________. A) is a well-oxygenated, shallow aquifer B) has pore spaces which are filled with water C) lies below the capillary fringe lies above the water table

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15) Which statement concerning the water table is false? A) Its shape is a subdued replica of the overlying surface topography Its elevation is constant and does not fluctuate seasonally C) Wetlands (swamps) occur where the water table is at the surface D) In humid regions, it is generally higher than lake or stream level.

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16) In general, how do we know where the water table is located? By drilling wells, measuring the water levels, and contouring those elevations B) Look at the regional streams and measure their depths, that's where the water table is C) It is always at the base of the soil zone, just measure the soil thickness D) Just look at a regional map, it is the same elevation everywhere

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17) How do we know which direction ground water will flow? A) It is parallel to local stream flow, just slower. B) It is generally the same as the prevailing wind direction. C) Dye or chemical tracer tests are required, often requiring multiple wells and months. It flows perpendicular to the water table contours, in a downhill direction

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18) Under most conditions, groundwater moves ________. A) very little as most of it is stagnant and all at a single level at slow but variable rates generally less than a few metres per day C) only between rainstorms by drainage D) very quickly as it flows predominantly in open cavernous underground rivers

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19) ________ is the volume of voids or open space in a rock or unconsolidated material. A) Capillarity B) Permeability Porosity D) Saturation index

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20) Which of the following is not a general characteristic of groundwater? A) constant temperature year round B) rarely contains suspended sediment rarely contains dissolved constituents D) supply is independent of short droughts

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21) The porosity of typical unconsolidated sediments and sedimentary rocks is ________ 10-50% B) 1- 5% C) 6-9% D)...