CH3 Health and health disorders PDF

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HDFS 249 Lesley Ross notes ...

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HDFS 249 CH3 Outline for Notes Longevity  What is longevity?  What is the difference between average longevity and maximum longevity?

 Give two reasons for why life expectancy has increased in the last 100 years.

What two things affect longevity? Give examples of each. 1. Genetics a. A strong predictor of your longevity is whether your parents are long or short lived 2. Environmental Factors a. Disease, toxins, lifestyle, and social class and dramatically shorten longevity  The Golden Mean o “All things in moderation” o Longevity maximized by avoidance of abstinence o Jeanne Calment French lived to 122 and drank occasional champagne and wine until she died

Define: 1. Active Life Expectancy: 2. Dependent Life Expectancy:

 Are there ethnic differences in longevity? o People of different ethnic groups do not have the same average longevity at birth

 African American’s average longevity is 5+ years lower than European Americans  Environmental Factors  Who lives longer, women or men? Why? o In industrialized countries women tend to live longer than men o Live average of 7 years longer  How does stress affect health? What are some things that you can do currently to reduce your stress? o Prolonged increases risk of cardiovascular disease, impairs immune system, and is correlated with onset of some cancers o Increases the risk of atherosclerosis and hypertension o Can cause cessation of menstruation in women

Changes in Immune System  How does the immune system change as we age? o Takes longer to build of defenses against disease as we age o More prone to consequences from illnesses  What is an acute disease? Give an example. o Develop quickly and cause rapid change  Colds, influenza, food poisoning o Most can be cured with medication or are allowed to run their course

 What is a chronic disease? Give an example. o Lasts more than three months o May result in impairments that require long- term management  Arthritis, diabetes. Etc.

 What are ADLs? What are IADLs? What is an example of each? o ADL  Basic self- care activities such as bathing, dressing, eating, etc.  More nursing home level o IADL

 More complex everyday tasks such as preparing meals, doing laundry, taking medications, etc.  5% of emerging adults and young adults and 12% of middle- aged adults report needing assistance with IADLs  20% adults of 65 and older report having problems with at least one IADL o How to Measure  Questionnaire from doctors  Works with honest, cognitively okay individuals

SPECIFIC DISEASES  Problems with HIV/AIDS o Women aged 15-44 this is the leading cause of death worldwide o 2011 adults aged 50 and older made up 24% estimated 32,052 AIDS diagnoses in the US o Older adults may be more likely to contract HIV for a number of reasons:  Immune system changes  Physiological changes  Thinning of vaginal wall  STDs o Condoms are used in about 6% sexual encounters among those 61 years and older o Between 2007 and 2011 diagnoses for those 65 and over had:  31% increase in chlamydia  52% increase in syphilis Cardiovascular Disease  What is cardiovascular disease? It is the number one killer of which group of people? o Disease of the heart and blood vessels  Plaques: fat- laden deposits  Atherosclerosis: dangerous accumulation of plaque in coronary arteries o Number one killer of women in the developed world Cancer  What is the relationship between cancer and aging? o Abnormal Cells  Accelerated and uncontrolled division and often move into adjacent tissues

o Epigenetic Inheritance  Environmental Events can cause changes in gene expression o Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States  A 70-year-old is 100 times more likely to have cancer than a 19-year-old Diabetes  What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes? Which one is more likely to be diagnosed in older adults? o Pancreas produces insufficient insulin: causes high glucose levels o Type 1  Usually earlier in life o Type 2  Typically, in adulthood o Often associated with obesity and is more common among older adults, minorities, and women o Chronic elevated glucose levels can result in severe nerve damage, kidney issues, gangrene, and atherosclerosis

 What is delirium? o Disturbances of consciousness and changes in cognition  Develop over short period of time  Medical Conditions, medication side effects, substance intoxication, toxin exposure, or some combination o Difficult to be differentiated from depression

 What is dementia? Be able to name some of the signs of dementia o Literally means losing one’s mind o Characterized by cognitive and behavioral deficits involving some form of permanent brain damage

 What is Alzheimer’s Disease?

 What are some of the symptoms of Alzheimer’s Disease?

 Define sundowning.

Incontinence What is incontinence?

Name some characteristics of anxiety disorders.

What is depression?

How is depression diagnosed?

Name some risk factors for depression.

What are some treatment options for depression?

What are some of the reasons that medication usage in older adults may be problematic?

Define assessment.

What are some types of assessment methods?

How are some ways SES, race, and ethnicity affect health?...