Ch7 Notes - Feeding and Eating Disorders PDF

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PSY322 with Kelsey Cullen...

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Feeding and Eating Disorders

Size & Perception

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Size, Perception, & Gender

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Own ideal Attractive

Peer ideal Current 3

Size, Perception, & Gender

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Current Peer ideal

Own ideal Attractive

Adapted from A.E. Fallon & P. Rozin, “Sex Differences in Perception of Desirable Body Shape.” Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 94 (1985): 102-105

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Major Types of Eating Disorders Major types of eating disorders Bulimia nervosa Anorexia nervosa Binge-eating disorder  individuals may binge repeatedly and find it distressing, but they do not attempt to purge the food

Obesity 70% of U.S. adults overweight 35% obese Rates are increasing Health Risks

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Obesity—Statistics Rapid increases in prevalence U.S. adults 1991 = 12% 2000 = 30.5% 2002 = 30.6% 2004 = 32.2% 2008 = 33.8% 2010 = 35.7%

Major Types of Eating Disorders

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Bulimia Nervosa  Binge eating  Excess amounts of food  Perceived as ‘out of control’

 Compensatory behaviors  Purging  Excessive exercise  Fasting

Subtypes  Purging (most common)  Vomiting, laxatives, or diuretics

 Nonpurging  Exercise and/or fasting

Most are within 10% of normal weight

Eating Disorders

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Bulimia Nervosa  Medical consequences  Salivary gland enlargement  Erosion of dental enamel  Electrolyte imbalance  Kidney failure  Cardiac arrhythmia  Seizures  Intestinal problems  Permanent colon damage  Hand calluses

Anorexia Nervosa  “Overly-successful” weight loss  15% below expected weight  Intense fears Gaining weight Losing control of eating

 Relentless pursuit of thinness  Often begins with dieting

 Subtypes  Restricting  Binge-eating-purging

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Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia Nervosa Medical consequences  Amenorrhea  Dry skin  Brittle hair and nails  Sensitivity to cold temps  Lanugo  Cardiovascular problems  Electrolyte imbalance

Real Life story of Karen Carpenter

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Binge-Eating Disorder  Marked distress because of binge eating but do not engage in extreme compensatory behaviors and therefore cannot be diagnosed with bulimia  Often found in weight-control programs 20%  50% among candidates for bariatric surgery  Better response to treatment

Binge-Eating Disorder

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Short Film

Biological Causes of Eating Disorders • Role of the hypothalamus • Activity-based anorexia • Set-point theory • Role of hunger

• Serotonin • Implicated in obsessiveness, mood and impulsivity • Modulates appetite and feeding behaviors

• Genetics © 2014, 2012, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Psychological & Sociocultural Causes • Patterns of family dysfunction • Distorted cognitions •

Related to body shape, weight, eating and personal control

• Society and Culture •

Western “thin ideals”

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Culture value on beauty

© 2014, 2012, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

An Integrative Model

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Cognitive view of the maintenance of Bulimia Nervosa Low Self-Esteem Extreme Concerns about Shape and Weight Strict Dieting “Binge Eating” Self-Induced Vomiting

Basic Treatment Goals Anorexia nervosa

Binge eating disorder

-Normalization of eating behavior and weight

-Normalization of eating

-Increase caloric intake and weight gain

-Weight stabilization or weight loss

Bulimia nervosa

-Elimination of binge eating

-Improve psychological factors (i.e., depression, self-esteem, and selfefficacy)

-Normalization of eating -Elimination of binge eating and purging

© 2014, 2012, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Treatments Inpatient treatment -Multidisciplinary team approach -Maintenance of healthy weight -Psychotherapy (i.e., individual, group, and family) -Privileges given as result of compliance with treatment

Biological treatment - Anorexia Nervosa- Need for medication specific to symptoms - Bulimia Nervosa -SSRIs - Binge Eating Disorder- Vyvanse is only medicine FDA approved (2015)

Psychotherapy for eating disorders Cognitive-behavioral therapy -Focuses on changing one’s perception about body shape, weight, eating, and sense of control -Addresses both automatic thoughts and core beliefs -Replaces negative thoughts and problematic behaviors -Use of self-monitoring

IPT -A brief, time-limited therapy approach that focuses on decreasing eating disorder symptoms by enhancing social skills in relationships -Addresses four problem areas (i.e., interpersonal disputes, role transitions, abnormal grief, and interpersonal deficits) © 2014, 2012, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

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A Behavioral Chain: Mapping out Thoughts, Feelings, and Behaviors

© 2014, 2012, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Preventing Eating Disorders  Identify specific targets  Early weight concerns

 Screening for at-risk groups  Provide education  Normal weight limits  Effects of calorie restriction  “Healthy Weight”

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