Chap 06 Practice Question & Answer, Wiley PDF

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Chapter 06 Practice Question & Answer, Multiple Questions, Wiley version. review sections from 1 to 7...

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Chap 06 Practice Question & Answer 6.1 section

Destruction of yellow bone marrow will directly affect triglyceride storage. macrophage storage. white blood cell production. red blood cell production. White blood cells are produced in the white bone marrow. blue bone marrow. red bone marrow. yellow bone marrow. How does the amount of red bone marrow change as a person ages, so long as the person is reasonably healthy? Levels increase. Levels change unpredictably. Levels decrease. Levels remain approximately the same. Bone marrow extracted from the hip bone of a 30-year-old male contains All of the above are present in the sample. mature erythrocytes stored triglycerides developing blood cells

Which of the following are substances that may be stored in bones? Glucose and glycogen Calcium and triglycerides Vitamin D and vitamin C Copper and zinc Bones go through both building and breakdown cycles. How will calcium levels be affected in the blood as a result of these cycles? Blood calcium levels are kept constant by homeostasis. Blood calcium levels increase when bone breaks down, and decrease when bone is built. Blood calcium levels remain constant regardless of whether bone is built or broken down. Blood calcium levels decrease when bone breaks down, and increase when bone is built. Methotrexate is a drug used to treat people with rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disorder that affects the joints in the skeletal system. A side effect of this drug can be a loss of red bone marrow. How might the patient be affected by this loss? Joints would stiffen, leading to a loss of mobility. Hemopoiesis would decrease, leading to decreased blood cell formation. Joints would loosen, leading to increased chance of dislocation. Hemopoiesis would decrease, leading to red blood cell breakdown. Tendons form attachments from muscles to skin bones to bones muscles to bones

skin to bones Bones function in the storage of minerals and triglycerides minerals only triglycerides and glycogen triglycerides only Certain chemotherapy medications can destroy red bone marrow. What would be the effect of the loss of red bone marrow? increased blood cell formation decreased calcium storage decreased blood cell formation increased calcium storage If your patient had lower-than-normal levels of yellow bone marrow, then your patient would have lower triglyceride storage than normal lower blood cell formation than normal higher blood cell formation than normal higher triglyceride storage than normal Yellow bone marrow consists mostly of macrophages. adipose cells. fibroblasts. blood cells.

6.2 section

Protection of the bone, assistance with fracture repair, nourishment of bone tissue, and attachment for ligaments and tendons functions of the __________. bone pia mater periosteum dura mater The outer fibrous layer of the periosteum is composed of dense irregular connective tissue loose irregular connective tissue reticular connective tissue dense regular connective tissue The articular cartilage lacks a perichondrium. TRUE FALSE The periosteum is involved with all of the following activities EXCEPT growth of the bone in width assistance in fracture repair help providing nourishment to bone tissue growth of the bone in length Sarah sustained a leg injury when she was ten years old while playing at a playground. The consequence of this injury twelve years later is that her right leg is one inch shorter than her left leg. What can you surmise about Sarah's playground injury?

Sarah most likely injured the articular cartilage present on her left leg bone. Sarah most likely injured the articular cartilage present on her right leg bone. Sarah most likely fractured the epiphyseal plate in her right leg bone. Sarah most likely fractured the epiphyseal plate in her left leg bone. Inserting a screw into the diaphysis of an adult long bone would ultimately result in penetrating the cavity containing yellow bone marrow. Which best describes the specific sequence of layers the screw would penetrate when doing this? Articular cartilage, compact bone, endosteum Endosteum, articular cartilage, periosteum Periosteum, compact bone, endosteum Periosteum, cancellous bone, endosteum Which of the following is located at the proximal end of the arm bone where it meets the shoulder blade? periosteum articular cartilage epiphyseal plate endosteum Which of the following are functions of the articular cartilage. Reduce friction and absorb shock Provide flexibility and reduce friction Immobilize joints and bridges joints

Provide flexibility and mobilize joints

6.3 Section

Which of the following bone cells is a target for drug therapy used to treat osteoporosis? Osteocytes and osteons Osteoclasts and osteocytes Osteoblasts and osteoclasts Osteoblasts and osteons Spongy bone trabeculae are composed of lamellae. FALSE TRUE You are in chemistry class and your assignment is to make a strong chicken leg bone into a rubbery, flexible one. How will you accomplish this? Soak the bone in distilled water Soak the bone in milk Soak the bone in vinegar Soak the bone in tap water Spongy bone trabeculae lack lacunae. FALSE TRUE All of the following structures are found in the trabeculae of spongy bone tissue EXCEPT central canals

lacunae canaliculi concentric lamellae The trabeculae of spongy bone tissue are precisely oriented along lines of stress. TRUE FALSE

6.4 Section

____veins leave the diaphysis through many interosteonic (perforating) canals and carry blood from the periosteum and outer part of compact bone. Periosteal Nutrient Metaphyseal Epiphyseal The nutrient artery enters the compact bone at the diaphysis through the____ foramen. magnum vertebral nutrient ovale By comparison, which of the following is the least likely to receive its blood supply from the nutrient artery? The femoral condyle

The humeral epicondyle The linea aspera The following are condition(s) that can NOT be diagnosed through a bone marrow needle biopsy. leukemia lymphoma aplastic anemia Hodgkin's disease metastatic neoplasms osteoporosis A patient will not feel pain during a bone marrow biopsy, due to the lack of nerves in the bone marrow. TRUE FALSE The branches of the nutrient artery supply the ____________. spongy bone tissue of the metaphyses All of the above red bone marrow of the metaphyses inner compact bone of the diaphysis

6.5 Section

The embryonic "skeleton" is initially composed of mesenchyme

chondrocytes osteocytes hyaline cartilage The initial process during intramembranous ossification is formation of trabeculae calcification development of the periosteum development of the ossification center Mesenchymal cells crowd together in the general shape of the future bone and develop into chondroblasts during which stage of endochondral ossification? development of the cartilage model development of the primary ossification center formation of the epiphyseal growth plate growth of the cartilage model The zone of ______ cartilage of the epiphyseal plate becomes the "new diaphysis" as it is replaced by bone extracellular matrix through endochondral ossification. resting calcified hypertrophic proliferating The first stage of endochondral ossification is development of the medullary cavity

development of the primary ossification center development of the cartilage model formation of the epiphyseal growth plate The third stage of endochondral ossification is development of the medullary cavity development of the cartilage model development of the secondary ossification centers development of the primary ossification center Bone remodeling can be triggered by which of the following? Sedentary Lifestyle All of the above Changes in diet Exercise ___ is important because it enhance synthesis of proteins, stimulate osteoblasts, and promotes bone growth at the epiphyseal plate and periosteum of children. Calcium Androgen Insulin-like growth factor Vitamin D Which process of intramembranous ossification gives rise to spongy bone tissue? development of the ossification center

formation of trabeculae development of the periosteum calcification Excessive proliferation of osteoclasts, causing bone resorption to occur faster than bone deposition, occurs in Paget's disease osteosarcoma osteoporosis osteomalacia Which of the following minerals activates enzymes involved in the synthesis of bone extracellular matrix? magnesium fluoride calcium phosphorus iron manganese All of the following are steps during intramembranous ossification except_________________. calcification formation of trabeculae development of the cartilage model development of the ossification center

development of the periosteum The hyaline cartilage that covers the epiphyses becomes the articular cartilage epiphyseal plate periosteum perichondrium Which of the following regions of the epiphyseal plate is nearest the epiphysis? zone of hypertrophic cartilage zone of resting cartilage zone of proliferating cartilage zone of calcified cartilage Paget's disease especially affects each of the following bones EXCEPT? the pelvic bones the limb bones the lower vertebrae the ribs During intramembranous ossification, mesenchyme cells condense at the periphery of the bone and develop into the endosteum perichondrium cartilage model periosteum

Vitamin ________deficiency leads to decreased collagen production, slowing down bone growth and delaying repair of broken bones. D A C B12 The zone of _________ cartilage of the epiphyseal plate consists mostly of chondrocytes that are dead. hypertrophic proliferating resting calcified Which of the following regions of the epiphyseal plate is nearest the diaphysis? zone of hypertrophic cartilage zone of calcified cartilage zone of resting cartilage zone of proliferating cartilage The products of bone resorption enter capillaries from the interstitial fluid via endocytosis diffusion exocytosis About _________ of the total bone mass in the body is being remodeled at any given time.

15% 10% 5% 1% ______form(s) when branches of the epiphyseal artery enter the epiphyses. the secondary ossification center the epiphyseal plate the primary ossification center the medullary cavity

6.7 Section

___ and ____ are the effectors in the feedback system for the regulation of blood calcium mediated by parathyroid hormone. Osteoclasts and the kidneys Parathyroid hormone and the parathyroid gland Cyclic adenosine and osteoclasts The kidneys and cyclic adenosine ______ produce(s) cyclic AMP in response to decreased blood calcium levels. Parathyroid gland cells Osteoclasts The gene for PTH Parathyroid hormone

_______ is/are the output in the feedback system for the regulation of blood calcium mediated by parathyroid hormone. Parathyroid hormone Parathyroid gland cells Osteoclasts The gene for PTH Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) ____ is/are the input in the feedback system for the regulation of blood calcium mediated by parathyroid hormone. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) The gene for PTH Parathyroid gland cells Parathyroid hormone Osteoclasts ______ is/are the control center(s) in the feedback system for the regulation of blood calcium mediated by parathyroid hormone. Parathyroid hormone Parathyroid gland cells Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) The gene for PTH Osteoclasts

When Ca2+ levels drop, receptors increase the production of ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

CT (calcitonin) ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) cyclic AMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate )...